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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physiology
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the science of how organisms work
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homeostasis
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the maintance of constant condtitons in the internal environment
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cells
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basic building blocks of multicellular animals
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tissues
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formed by cells with the same characteristics or specilizations that group together
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organs
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usually made up of several different tissue types a discrtete structure that carries out a specific function in the body
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organ systems
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a group of organs that function together
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positive feedback
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amplifies a response
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negative feedback
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stop or reverses what is happening
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feed forward
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changes a set point
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set point
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desired level to be maintained
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effectors
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cause a change to take place
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controlled systems
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under control of other systems
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regulatory systetms
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direct actions
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Q10
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temperature rate sensitivity
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2 and 3
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major organisms Q10
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metabolic rate
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the sum total of energy turnover of its cells, often measured by O2 consumption
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homeotherm
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an animal that tmaintains a constant body temperature over a wide range of environemental temperatures
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poikilotherm
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an animal whose body tempersture changes when the temperature of its environment changes
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heterotherm
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an animal that maintais a constant body temperture some of the time
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ectotherm
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depends largerly on external sources of heat, such as solar radiation, to maintain their body temperature above the environement temperature
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endotherms
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can regulte their body temperaure by producing heat metabolically or by mobilizing active mechanisms or heat loss
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counter current heat exchange
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heat is exchanged betwee blood vessels carrying blood in opposite directions
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basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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the metabolic rate of a resting animal of a temperature within thte thermoneutral zone
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thermoneutral zone
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the range of temperature our which in endotherm does not have to expand extra energy to thermoregulate. metabolic rate is low and independent of temperature.
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vertebrate thermostat
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located in hypothalamus, uses feedback
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pryogens
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chemicals that traise the hypothtalamus
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hypothermia
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a condtion in which body temperature drops below normal
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hibernation
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regulated hypothermia
lasts for weeks, days, months reduces metabolic rate greatly |
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osmolarity
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the solute concentration of a fluid
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osmoconformers
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equilibriate with environment
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osmoregulators
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regulate internal environment
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ammonotelic
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excrete ammonia
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ureotelic
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urea
liquid |
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uricotelic
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uric acid
semisolid |
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protoneohridia
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flatworm
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metanephridia
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processs coelomic fluid in annelids
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malpighian ttubules
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insects
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