Exam-284-Glossary 02

Front 1

an inflammation within the tissue surrounding the nephrons.

Back 1

interstitial nephritis

Front 2

An injury in which damage to internal chest organs allows air into the pleural space is known as:

Back 2

Closed Pneumothorax

Front 3

aneurysm caused when blood gets between and separates the layers of the arterial wall.

Back 3

dissecting aortic aneurysm

Front 4

any chemical (drug, poison, or other) that causes adverse effects on an organism that is exposed to it; any poisonous chemical secreted by bacteria or released following destruction of the bacteria.

Back 4

toxin

Front 5

any deviation from the normal electrical rhythm of the heart.

Back 5

dysrhythmia

Front 6

any malfunction or damage of the peripheral nerves. Results may include muscle weakness, loss of sensation, impaired reflexes, and internal organ malfunctions.

Back 6

peripheral neuropathy

Front 7

any position of the trachea other than midline.

Back 7

tracheal deviation

Front 8

Any situation in which the arterial PCO2 rises above 50 torr or the arterial P02 falls below 60 torr or both is known as:

Back 8

Acute Respiratory Failure

Front 9

appearance of being disinterested, often lacking facial expression.

Back 9

flat affect

Front 10

are used for delivering oxygen to patients.

Back 10

therapy regulators

Front 11

are used to transfer oxygen at high pressures from tank to tank.

Back 11

high-pressure regulators

Front 12

area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood.

Back 12

infarction

Front 13

ARF due to pathology within kidney tissue itself.

Back 13

renal acute renal failure

Front 14

arms and legs extended.

Back 14

decerebrate

Front 15

arms flexed, legs extended.

Back 15

decorticate

Front 16

arterial partial pressure.

Back 16

Pa

Front 17

artificial replacement of some critical kidney functions.

Back 17

renal dialysis

Front 18

average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle.

Back 18

tidal volume

Front 19

Bleeding in excess of 500 mL after childbirth is known as:

Back 19

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Front 20

bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract distal to the ligament of Treitz.

Back 20

lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Front 21

Bleeding inside the brain is known as:

Back 21

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Front 22

bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz.

Back 22

upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Front 23

Bleeding within the skull is known as:

Back 23

Intracranial Hemorrhage

Front 24

blockage of the hollow space within the intestines.

Back 24

bowel obstruction

Front 25

blockage that occurs when a blood clot or other particle lodges in a pulmonary artery.

Back 25

acute pulmonary embolism

Front 26

blood clot that travels to the pulmonary circulation and hinders oxygenation of the blood.

Back 26

pulmonary embolism

Front 27

Blood collecting between the dura and the skull, nearly always the result of a blow to the head that produces a linear fracture of the thin temporal bone is known as:

Back 27

Epidural Hematoma

Front 28

Bluish discoloration of the skin due to an increase in reduced hemoglobin in the blood.

Back 28

cyanosis

Front 29

Bruising of lungs causing bleeding and leakage of fluid into alveoli is known as:

Back 29

Pulmonary Contusion

Front 30

Bruising of myocardium causing bleeding into the cardiac tissue is known as:

Back 30

Myocardial Contusion

Front 31

cardiac depolarization resulting from depolarization of ectopic focus.

Back 31

ectopic beat

Front 32

cartilage that separates the right and left nasal cavities.

Back 32

nasal septum

Front 33

characterized by excessive excitement or activity (mania)

Back 33

manic

Front 34

chronic and progressive motor system disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.

Back 34

Parkinson's disease

Front 35

collection of air in the pleural space, causing a loss of the negative pressure that binds the lung to the chest wall

Back 35

Pneumothorax.

Front 36

common disorder involving significant change in behavior often including hallucinations, delusions, and depression.

Back 36

schizophrenia

Front 37

common site of pain from appendicitis, four to five centimetres above the anterior iliac crest in a direct line with the umbilicus.

Back 37

McBurney's point

Front 38

complex cascade of events within the body that works toward the destruction or inactivation of pathogens, abnormal cells, or foreign molecules.

Back 38

immune response

Front 39

complication of Type I diabetes due to decreased insulin intake. Marked by high blood glucose, metabolic acidosis, and, in advanced stages, coma. Ketoacidosis is often called diabetic coma.

Back 39

diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 40

complication of Type II diabetes due to inadequate insulin activity. Marked by high blood glucose, marked dehydration, and decreased mental function. Often mistaken for ketoacidosis.

Back 40

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic (HHNK) coma

Front 41

compounds produced during the catabolism of fatty acids, including acetoacetic acid, b-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone.

Back 41

ketone bodies

Front 42

concentration of oxygen in inspired air

Back 42

Fi02

Front 43

condition characterized by hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism; also known as thyroid storm.

Back 43

thyrotoxic crisis toxic

Front 44

condition characterized by immobility and stupor, often a sign of schizophrenia.

Back 44

catatonia

Front 45

condition characterized by loss of memory and disorientation, associated with chronic alcohol intake and a diet deficient in thiamine.

Back 45

Wernicke's syndrome

Front 46

condition characterized by physical symptoms that have no apparent physiological cause and are attributable to psychological factors.

Back 46

somatoform disorder

Front 47

condition characterized by relatively rapid onset of widespread disorganized thought.

Back 47

delirium

Front 48

condition in which an amnesiac patient physically flees.

Back 48

fugue state

Front 49

condition in which the heart's reduced stroke volume causes an overload of fluid in the body's other tissues.

Back 49

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Front 50

condition in which the individual avoids stress by separating from his core personality.

Back 50

dissociative disorder

Front 51

condition involving gradual development of memory impairment and cognitive disturbance.

Back 51

dementia

Front 52

condition resulting from damage or injury to the brain, brainstem, or spinal cord characterized by intense, steady pain described as burning, aching, tingling, or a "pins and needles" sensation.

Back 52

central pain syndrome

Front 53

condition that causes the stomach to secrete excessive amounts of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Back 53

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Front 54

condition that occurs when part of an intestine slips into the part just distal to itself.

Back 54

intussusception

Front 55

condition that reflects long-term exposure to inadequate levels of thyroid hormones with resultant changes in body structure and function.

Back 55

myxedema

Front 56

condition that reflects prolonged exposure to excess thyroid hormones with resultant changes in body structure and function.

Back 56

thyrotoxicosis

Front 57

condition that results in persistently maladaptive behaviour.

Back 57

personality disorder

Front 58

coughing up blood.

Back 58

hemoptysis

Front 59

Crystallized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis or calyces are known as:

Back 59

Kidney Stones

Front 60

cup-shaped first part of the nephron tubule.

Back 60

Bowman’s capsule the hollow

Front 61

dark, tar-like feces due to gastrointestinal bleeding

Back 61

melena

Front 62

death and subsequent necrosis of the heart muscle caused by inadequate blood supply; also acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Back 62

myocardial infarction (MI)

Front 63

death within one hour after the onset of symptoms.

Back 63

sudden death

Front 64

decreased urine elimination to 400-500 ml or less per day

Back 64

Oliguria.

Front 65

deflection on the ECG produced by factors other than the heart's electrical activity.

Back 65

artifact

Front 66

degenerative disease of the liver.

Back 66

cirrhosis

Front 67

depression between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue.

Back 67

vallecula

Front 68

difficulty in breathing while lying supine.

Back 68

orthopnea

Front 69

dilated superficial veins, usually in the lower extremity.

Back 69

varicose veins

Front 70

discoloration around the umbilicus (occasionally the flanks) suggestive of intra-abdominal hemorrhage.

Back 70

Cullen's sign

Front 71

discoloration over the flanks suggesting intra-abdominal bleeding.

Back 71

Grey-Turner's sign

Front 72

disease affecting the heart, peripheral blood vessels, or both.

Back 72

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Front 73

disease that involves inflammation of certain nerve cells followed by demyelination, or the destruction of the myelin sheath, which is the fatty insulation surrounding nerve fibres.

Back 73

multiple sclerosis

Front 74

disease-producing agent or invading substance.

Back 74

pathogen

Front 75

Disembowelment or protrusion of organs or viscera from an opening in the body is known as:

Back 75

Evisceration

Front 76

Dislocation or injury of the distal clavicle at the shoulder is known as:

Back 76

Acromolclavicular Joint Injury

Front 77

disorder found in habitual and excessive users of alcoholic beverages after cessation of drinking for 48-72 hours. Patients experience visual, tactile, and auditory disturbances. Death may result in severe cases.

Back 77

delirium tremens (DTs)

Front 78

disorder of inadequate insulin activity, due either to inadequate production of insulin or to decreased responsiveness of body cells to insulin.

Back 78

diabetes mellitus

Front 79

division of the abdominal cavity containing those organs located within the pelvis.

Back 79

pelvic space

Front 80

division of the abdominal cavity containing those organs or portions of organs covered by the peritoneum.

Back 80

peritoneal space

Front 81

double fold of peritoneum that supports the major portion of the small bowel, suspending it from the posterior abdominal wall.

Back 81

mesentery

Front 82

drop of greater than 10 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure during the inspiratory phase of respiration that occurs in patients with pericardial tamponade.

Back 82

pulsus paradoxus

Front 83

dull, poorly localized pain that originates in the walls of hollow organs.

Back 83

visceral pain

Front 84

duration from the beginning of the arrest until the patient's delivery to the emergency department.

Back 84

total down time

Front 85

duration from the beginning of the cardiac arrest until effective CPR is established.

Back 85

down time

Front 86

electrocardiogram leads applied to the arms and legs that contain two electrodes of opposite (positive and negative) polarity; leads I, II, and III.

Back 86

bipolar leads

Front 87

electrocardiogram leads applied to the arms and legs, consisting of one polarized (positive) electrode and a nonpolarized reference point that is created by the ECG machine combining two additional electrodes; also called augmented leads; leads aVR, aVL, and aVF.

Back 87

unipolar leads

Front 88

electrocardiogram leads applied to the chest in a pattern that permits a view of the horizontal plane of the heart; leads V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6.

Back 88

precordial leads

Front 89

endocrine disorder characterized by adrenocortical insufficiency. Symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes.

Back 89

Addison's disease

Front 90

endocrine disorder characterized by excess thyroid hormones resulting in body changes associated with increased metabolism; primary cause of thyrotoxicosis.

Back 90

Graves' disease

Front 91

enlarged and tortuous esophageal veins.

Back 91

esophageal varicies (singular varix)

Front 92

erosion caused by gastric acid.

Back 92

peptic ulcer

Front 93

esophageal laceration, usually secondary to vomiting.

Back 93

Mallory-Weiss tear

Front 94

evaluating the pulse and skin and controlling hemorrhage circulatory overload an excess in intravascular fluid volume.

Back 94

circulation assessment

Front 95

excess carbon dioxide in the blood.

Back 95

hypercarbia

Front 96

excessive secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in an increased metabolic rate.

Back 96

hyperthyroidism

Front 97

extreme response to stress characterized by impaired ability to deal with reality.

Back 97

psychosis

Front 98

failure to recall, as opposed to inability to recall.

Back 98

psychogenic amnesia

Front 99

feeling detached from yourself.

Back 99

depersonalization

Front 100

fine fibrous tissue surrounding the interior of most of the abdominal cavity and covering most of the small bowel and some of the abdominal organs.

Back 100

peritoneum