Exam

Front 1

What are cells?

Back 1

Building blocks of every organism.
Body has over 3 billion
Every cell is specialised
Living cells vary in shape
All surrounded by a membrane.

Front 2

what does a membrane do?

Back 2

- keeps bad things out, good things in
- Holds cell in shape.

Front 3

what is inside a cell?

Back 3

Cytoplasm.
- Where chemical reactions take place.
Organelles.
- Keep the cell functioning (like the organs in our bodies)

Front 4

What is a cell process?

Back 4

eg. cellular respiration
- occurs in mitochondria (organelle)
- is a chemical reaction.

Front 5

Explain photosynthesis

Back 5

occurs in organisms.
Rate depends on:
- intensity and colour of the light.

Front 6

What is growth?

Back 6

Steady growth height until approx 18.
Body grows rapidly during adolescence.
- puberty

Front 7

What is asexual reproduction?

Back 7

Produces large numbers of organisms quickly.
Produces by itself
produces identical organisms
One parent

Front 8

What is sexual reproduction

Back 8

Reproduce sexually
Two parents
Genetic variation (chromosomes)
Cell division

Front 9

Facts on female sex cells

Back 9

ovum - sex cell
produced in the ovary
larger then sperm
cytoplasm contains food for fertilised egg.

Front 10

Male sex cells

Back 10

Made in the testes
Smaller than ovum
tail used to swim
head contains nucleus

Front 11

Female reproductive system

Back 11

produces female gametes (ova, or eggs)
Suitable environment for the egg
- fertilised by the sperm.

Front 12

Ovaries

Back 12

Structure
- two endocrine glands containing ova
Function - produce & Release
- female hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)
-Mature ova

Front 13

Fallopian tubes or oviduct

Back 13

Structure
-Tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus.
Function
- Passage for ova to reach the uterus

Front 14

Uterus

Back 14

Structure
- hollow organ with a thick muscular wall.
- lining filled with blood vessels prior to ovulation.
Function
- nourishing environment for the fertilised ovum.
- protected space for foetus to develop

Front 15

Cervix

Back 15

Structure
- narrow opening between uterus and vagina
Function
- normally blocked with mucous to protect uterus from infection
- at ovulation mucous thins so sperm can enter.

Front 16

Vagina

Back 16

Structure
- elastic muscular tube connecting uterus to the outside of the body.
Function
Provides passage for
- penis to deliver sperm.
- baby to leave mothers body.
menstrual fluids to leave the body.

Front 17

Testes

Back 17

Structure
-two glands found in the scrotum
Function
- secrete male hormone
- produces male sperm

Front 18

scrotum

Back 18

Structure
- sac contain testes
Function
- hold testes outside the body keeping then cooler than 37 degrees.

Front 19

Sperm ducts

Back 19

Structure
- two tubes both connecting testicle to the urethra.
Function
-provide path for sperm to reach urethra.

Front 20

Accessory glands

Back 20

Structure
- glands that produce fluids added to semen.
Function
- Produce fluids that help sperm survive.

Front 21

Penis

Back 21

Structure
- organ of spongy erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood to cause an erection.
Function
- can be inserted to female vagina when erect to deliver sperm.

Front 22

Urethra

Back 22

Structure
- tube passing through the penis
Function
- passage for semen to exit the body.
- also connected to bladder so urine can exit body