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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The Genetic Material Must Exhibit what Four Characteristics
-replicate
-store information
-express information
-allow variation by mutation
Why was protein favored as the genetic material?
-It is abundant in cells.
-It was the subject of the most -active areas of genetic research.
-DNA was thought to be too simple to be the genetic material, with only four types of nucleotides as compared to the 20 different
Evidence for bacteria
-BACTERIA: transformation (Griffith, then Avery McLeod and McCarty)
-Phage: Hershey and Chase
RNA is
genetic material in some viruses
Nucleotides
-Building blocks of DNA
-Consist of:
-nitrogenous base
-pentose sugar
-phosphate group
Nitrogenous bases can be
Purines-adenine, guanine pyramidines-cytosine, thymine,uracil
DNA and RNA sugars
RNA sugar- Ribose
DNA- Deoxyrybose
Nucleoside
contains the nitrogenous base and the pentose sugar
Nucleotide
-a nucleoside with a phosphate group added
-can have 1,2 or 3 phosphate groups called NMP's,NDP's, NTP's Respectively
C-1' Position
location
of the nitrogenous base on a
nucleotide/nucleoside
C-5'
location of the phosphate group on a nucleotide
Nucleotides are linked by
phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group at the C-5' position and the OH group on the C-3' position.
X-ray diffraction:
showed a 3.4 angstrom periodicity, characteristic of a helical structure
Watson and Cricke Model
-2 polynucleotide chains coiled around a central axis – form a right hand double helix
-Major groove alternates with a minor groove
-Diameter of helix is 20 A