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258 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor*
|
Acetazolamide
|
|
Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma*
|
Acetazolamide
|
|
SE of acetazolamide
|
Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine
(which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment |
|
MOA of Loop Diuretics
|
Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport
|
|
Site of action of loop diuretics *
|
Thick ascending limb
|
|
SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics*
|
Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and ototoxicity
|
|
Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate what adverse effect?
|
Ototoxicity
|
|
Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain *
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Calcium
|
|
MOA of thiazide diuretics
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Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport
|
|
Site of action of thiazide diuretics *
|
Work at early distal convoluted tubule
|
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Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics.
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Sulfonamides
|
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SE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics*
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Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia
|
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Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit *
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Na+/K+ exchange
|
|
Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism *
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Spironolactone
|
|
SE of spironolactone*
|
Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence
|
|
Osmotic diuretic used to treat increased intracranial pressure*
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Mannitol
|
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Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) *
|
ACE inhibitors
|
|
Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are *
|
ACE inhibitors
|
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SE of ACE inhibitors *
|
Dry cough, hyperkalemia
|
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ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in *
|
pregnancy and with K+
|
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Losartan and valsartan block *
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Angiotensin receptor
|
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Angiotensin receptor blockers do NOT cause *
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Dry cough
|
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Agents that block L-type calcium channel
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Calcium channel blockers
|
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CCB contraindicated in CHF *
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Verapamil
|
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CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation
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Nifedipine
|
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SE of CCB *
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Constipation, edema, and headache
|
|
Agents that reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand*
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Beta-blockers
|
|
B-blockers that are more cardioselective
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Beta-1 selective blockers
|
|
Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers *
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Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol
|
|
Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in
|
Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia)and peripheral vascular disease
|
|
Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis
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Propranolol
|
|
SE of beta blockers*
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Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)
|
|
Alpha 1-selective blockers*
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Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)
|
|
Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma
|
Phenoxybenzamine
|
|
For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal
|
Phentolamine
|
|
A1a-selective blocker with no effects on HTN used for BPH*
|
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
|
|
SE of alpha blockers*
|
Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
|
|
Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN, and acts centrally
|
Clonidine, and methyldopa
|
|
SE of methyldopa
|
Positive Coomb's test, depression
|
|
Methyldopa is contraindicated in*
|
Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
|
|
SE of clonidine
|
Rebound HTN, sedation, dry mouth
|
|
Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle
|
Hydralazine
|
|
SE of hydralazine *
|
Lupus-like syndrome
|
|
Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels
|
Minoxidil
|
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SE of minoxidil
|
Hypertrichosis
|
|
IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis
|
Nitroprusside
|
|
Nitroprusside vasodilates
|
Arteries and veins
|
|
Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment
|
Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate
|
|
MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)
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Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase
|
|
Digoxin is used in
|
Atrial fibrillation and CHF
|
|
Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by
|
Hypokalemia
|
|
Antidote for digoxin toxicity
|
Digibind
|
|
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects
|
Amrinone and milrinone
|
|
SE of amrinone
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
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Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF
|
Dobutamine and dopamine
|
|
Diuretics work in CHF by
|
Reducing preload
|
|
Beta blockers work in CHF by
|
Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)
|
|
Peptide drug used to treat CHF
|
Nesiritide (BNP)
|
|
MOA of nesiritide
|
Increasing sodium excretion and decreases arterial and venous tone
|
|
SE of nesiritide
|
Excessive hypotension and kidney failure
|
|
Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker
|
Carvedilol
|
|
Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide
|
Nesiritide (Natrecor)
|
|
Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, long acting and irreversible, and used to treat pheochromocytoma. Blocks 5-HT, so occasionaly used for carcinoid tumor. Blocks H1 and used in mastocytosis
|
Phenoxybenzamine
|
|
Nonselective alpha-blocking drug, short acting and reversible, used for rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal, and Raynaud's phenomena
|
Phentolamine
|
|
Selective Alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, BPH, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension *
|
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
|
|
Selective Alpha-1A blocker, used for BPH, but with little effect on HTN
|
Tamsulosin
|
|
Selective Alpha 2 blocker used for impotence (controversial effectiveness)
|
Yohimbine
|
|
What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?
|
Glucagon
|
|
What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?
|
Insulin
|
|
Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?
|
Islets of Langerhans
|
|
What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?
|
Somatostatin
|
|
Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse
|
* C-peptide
|
|
Exogenous insulin contains *
|
Little C-peptide
|
|
Endogenous insulin contains
|
Normal C-peptide
|
|
Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
|
Lispro (Humalog), aspart, glulisine
|
|
Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia
|
Regular (Humulin R)
|
|
Long acting insulin *
|
Ultralente (humulin U)
|
|
Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action
|
Glargine (Lantus), detemir
|
|
Major SE of insulin
|
Hypoglycemia
|
|
Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver
|
GLUT 2
|
|
Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation
|
GLUT 4
|
|
Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
|
Acarbose, miglitol
|
|
MOA of AGI's (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)
|
Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
|
|
SE of AGI's (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)
|
Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps
|
|
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's
|
Acarbose
|
|
Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue *
|
Nateglinide
|
|
MOA of nateglinide
|
Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP sensitive K+ channel
|
|
Biguanide
|
Metformin
|
|
Drugs available in combination with metformin
|
Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone
|
|
MOA of metformin
|
Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity
|
|
Vascular effects of metformin
|
Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
|
|
Most important potential SE of metformin
|
Lactic acidosis
|
|
Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin
|
None
|
|
Meglitinide class of drugs
|
Repaglinide
|
|
MOA of repaglinide
|
Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
|
|
First generation sulfonylurea
|
Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.
|
|
Second generation sulfonylurea
|
Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.
|
|
MOA of both generations
|
Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
|
|
Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide
|
Hypoglycemia
|
|
Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life
|
Chlorpropamide
|
|
Thiazolidinediones
|
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
|
|
Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
|
Hepatic toxicity
|
|
MOA of thiazolindinediones
|
Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
|
|
SE of Thiazolindinediones
|
Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CYP3A4 metabolism
|
|
Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe betablocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
|
Glucagon
|
|
MOA of quinolones
|
** Inhibit DNA gyrase
|
|
MOA of penicillin
|
Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linkage
|
|
Drug used for MRSA
|
* Vancomycin
|
|
Vancomycin MOA
|
** Blocks cell wall synthesis by sequestration
|
|
Genetic basis of low level resistance found with vancomycin
|
Point mutation
|
|
Meningitis prophylaxis for persons in contact with patients
|
*Ciprofloxacin or Rifampin (for children less than 4 yrs old)
|
|
Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it
|
*Scotch tape technique and mebendazole
|
|
Two toxicities of aminoglycosides
|
nephro and ototoxicity
|
|
DOC for Legionnaires' disease
|
Moxifloxacin
|
|
MOA of sulfonamides
|
*Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
|
|
Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria
|
Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin
|
|
Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC for otitis media ***
|
Amoxicillin
|
|
Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins
|
Cephalosporins
|
|
PCN active against pseudomonas
|
ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin and ticarcillin
|
|
Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention
|
Vancomycin, infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines
|
|
Drug causes teeth discoloration
|
Tetracycline
|
|
MOA of tetracycline
|
Decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting 30S ribosome
|
|
Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis
|
Clindamycin
|
|
DOC for tx of pseudomembranous colitis (mild) **
|
Metronidazole
|
|
Treatment of severe/relapsing pseudomembranous colitis
|
ORAL vancomycin
|
|
Anemia caused by trimethoprim *
|
Megaloblastic anemia
|
|
Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy
|
Cartilage damage
|
|
DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas *
|
Metronidazole
|
|
Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE) *
|
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
|
|
Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol
|
Disulfiram-like reaction
|
|
Common side effect of Rifampin *
|
Red urine discoloration
|
|
MOA of nystatin
|
Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
|
|
Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by
|
Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
|
|
Toxicity of amphotericin
|
Nephrotoxicity
|
|
SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole
|
Gynecomastia
|
|
Topical DOC in impetigo
|
Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)
|
|
DOC for influenza A
|
* Oseltamivir
|
|
DOC for RSV *
|
Ribavirin
|
|
DOC for CMV retinitis
|
Ganciclovir
|
|
SE for ganciclovir
|
Neutro, leuko and thrombocytopenia
|
|
Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome
|
Nevirapine, amprenavir
|
|
HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism *
|
Protease inhibitors
|
|
Antivirals that are teratogens
|
Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin
|
|
Antivirals associated with neutropenia
|
Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon
|
|
HIV med used to prevent perinatal transmission
|
Nevirapine
|
|
Drug used for African sleeping sickness
|
Suramin
|
|
Drug used in Chagas disease
|
Nifurtimox
|
|
Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB
|
Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime
|
|
Oral 3rd generation cephalosporins NOT able to cross the BBB
|
Cefixime
|
|
Drug used for N. gonorrhea in females *
|
Ceftriaxone
|
|
Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates
|
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
|
|
SE of INH
|
Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis
|
|
Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic
|
Streptomycin
|
|
Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria
|
Primaquine
|
|
Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne
|
Minocycline
|
|
Drug of choice for leprosy
|
Dapsone, rifampin and clofazimine combination
|
|
DOC for herpes and its MOA*
|
Acyclovir; phosphorylation, incorporation into viral DNA, and chain termination
|
|
Anti-bacterials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients *
|
Sulfonamides
|
|
MOA of erythromycin
|
Inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome
|
|
Antibiotic frequently used for chronic UTI prophylaxis *
|
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim
|
|
Lactams that can be used in PCN allergic patients
|
Aztreonam/carbapenems
|
|
SE of imipenem
|
Seizures
|
|
Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis
|
Didanosine
|
|
Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number
|
Log-kill hypothesis
|
|
Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously
|
Pulse therapy
|
|
Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents
|
Rescue therapy
|
|
Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates
|
Allopurinol
|
|
Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thymine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue
|
5-flouracil (5-FU)
|
|
Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms
|
Prednisone
|
|
Side effect of Mitomycin
|
SEVERE myelosuppression
|
|
MOA of cisplatin
|
Alkylating agent
|
|
Common toxicities of cisplatin
|
Nephro and ototoxicity
|
|
Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation
|
6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
|
|
Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP
|
** Allopurinol
|
|
May protect against doxorubicin toxicity by scavenging free radicals
|
* Dexrazoxane
|
|
Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis
|
* Bleomycin
|
|
Bleomycin+vinblastine+etoposide+cisplatin produce almost a 100% response when all agents are used for this neoplasm
|
Testicular cancer
|
|
ABVD regimen used for HD, but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP
|
Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin, vinblastine +dacarbazine
|
|
Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus rituximab
|
|
Regimen used for breast cancer
|
CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
|
|
Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation
|
Mechlorethamine
|
|
Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis
|
Cyclophosphamide
|
|
Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis
|
Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)
|
|
Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation
|
Vincristine
|
|
Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase
|
**Paclitaxel (taxol)
|
|
Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides
|
Cisplatin
|
|
Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression
|
Carboplatin
|
|
Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)
|
L-asparaginase
|
|
Used for hairy cell leukemia ; it stimulates NK cells
|
Interferon alpha
|
|
Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer
|
Flutamide (Eulexin)
|
|
Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer
|
** Tamoxifen
|
|
Aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer
|
Letrozole, anastrozole
|
|
Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer
|
Toremifene (Fareston)
|
|
Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs
|
Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)
|
|
Some cell cycle non-specific drugs
|
Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea
|
|
Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonists
|
*Odansetron, granisetron
|
|
Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors
|
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
|
|
Produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol
|
Procarbazine
|
|
3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products
|
Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC), and reticularis (adrenal androgens)
|
|
Pneumonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex
|
GFR
|
|
Used for Addison's disease , Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) , inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation)
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
Short acting glucocorticoids
|
Cortisone and hydrocortisone (equivalent to cortisol)
|
|
Intermediate acting glucocorticoids
|
Prednisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and triamcinolone
|
|
Long acting glucocorticoids
|
Betamethasone and dexamethasone
|
|
Mineralocorticoids
|
Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone
|
|
Some side effects of corticosteroids*
|
Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, inc. risk of infection, inc. appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis, stria, thinning of skin
|
|
Period of time of therapy after which GC therapy will need to be tapered
|
5-7 days
|
|
Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid)
|
Dexamethasone suppression test
|
|
Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis
|
Aminoglutethimide
|
|
Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids
|
Ketoconazole
|
|
Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor
|
Mifepristone
|
|
Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors *
|
Spironolactone
|
|
Common SE of spironolactone **
|
Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia
|
|
MOA of NSAIDS
|
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (cox)
|
|
Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS
|
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase
|
|
Four main actions of NSAIDS
|
Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity
|
|
Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus*
|
Indomethacin
|
|
Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection
|
Potential for development of Reye's syndrome
|
|
SE of salicylates
|
Tinnitus, GI bleeding
|
|
NSAID also available as an ophthalmic preparation
|
Diclofenac, ketoralac
|
|
NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically
|
Ketoralac
|
|
NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as preop anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity
|
Ketoralac
|
|
Newer NSAID that selectively inhibits COX-2
|
Celecoxib
|
|
COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of
|
Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding
|
|
COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with
|
Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease
|
|
Acetaminophen only has *
|
Antipyretic and analgesic activity
|
|
SE of acetaminophen
|
Hepatotoxicity
|
|
Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity *
|
N-acetylcysteine
|
|
DMARDs are slow acting drugs for *
|
Rheumatic disease
|
|
Initial DMARD of choice for patients with RA
|
Methotrexate
|
|
Drug ofter used in combination with TNF - alpha inhitors for RA
|
Methotrexate
|
|
Causes bone marrow suppression
|
Methotrexate
|
|
SE of penicillamine
|
Aplastic anemia and renal toxicity
|
|
Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes
|
Hydroxychloroquine
|
|
Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
|
Hydroxychloroquine
|
|
SE of hydroxychloroquine
|
Retinal destruction and dermatitis
|
|
MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent)
|
Inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis, decreased T cell proliferation and decreased antibody production by B cells
|
|
Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
|
Adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept
|
|
Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis
|
Sulfasalazine
|
|
Anti-rheumatic agent also used for Chron's disease
|
Infliximab
|
|
NSAID used in gout *
|
Indomethacin
|
|
NSAID contraindicated in gout
|
Aspirin
|
|
MOA of colchicine (used in acute gout)
|
Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly
|
|
SE of colchicine
|
Kidney and liver toxicity, diarrhea
|
|
Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid secretion and excretion
|
Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone
|
|
Allopurinol treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid production by inhibiting*
|
Xanthine oxidase
|
|
Available bisphosphonates
|
Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate,
pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid |
|
MOA of Bisphosphonates
|
Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
|
|
Names of three bisphosphonates available IV
|
Pamidronate, zoledronate, ibandronate
|
|
Uses of bisphosphonates
|
Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and
osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy |
|
Major SE of bisphosphonates
|
Chemical esophagitis
|
|
Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia
|
Etidronate
|
|
Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women
|
Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)
|
|
Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA prophylaxis **
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Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogenreceptor modulator)
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Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption *
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Calcitonin (salmon prep)
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Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg
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Calcium
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Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption
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Vitamin D
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