Exam 2 - Fill In The Blank Cancer Quiz

Front 1

normal cellular genes that are important regulators of normal cellular processes

Back 1

proto-oncogenes

Front 2

mutations that alter the expression of proto-oncogenes can activate them to function as

Back 2

oncogenes

Front 3

function to regulate cell growth

Back 3

tumor suppressor genes

Front 4

the difference between benign and malignant tumors is that benign neoplasms are ____ differentiated and malignant neoplasms range fro ____ differentiated to _________

Back 4

well, well, undifferentiated

Front 5

many _____, or cancer causing agents capable of producing cellular alterations, are detoxified by protective enzymes and are harmlessly excreted

Back 5

carcinogens

Front 6

when cells are exposed to a source of _____ damage occurs to 1 or both strands of DNA and has been shown to correlate with certain malignancies.

Back 6

radiation

Front 7

the progression or final stage of cancer is characterized by increased growth rate of the tumor, increased invasiveness, and spread of the cancer to a distant site. this process is known as

Back 7

metastasis

Front 8

the process of the formation of blood vessels within the tumor itself is termed

Back 8

tumor angiogenesis

Front 9

cancer cells may display altered cell surface antigens and these antigens are termed

Back 9

tumor-associated antigens

Front 10

the response of the immune system to antigens of the malignant cells is termed

Back 10

immunologic surveillance

Front 11

originate from embryonal ectoderm & endoderm

Back 11

carcinomas

Front 12

originate from embryonic mesoderm

Back 12

sarcomas

Front 13

in ____ ____ of tumors, the appearance of cells & the degree of differentiation are evaluated pathologically.

Back 13

histologic grading

Front 14

classifying the extent and spread of disease is termed

Back 14

staging

Front 15

_____ ___ ____ has its own designation in the system because it has all the histologic characteristics of cancer except invasion - a primary feature of the TNM staging system

Back 15

carcinoma in situa

Front 16

the use of chemicals as a systemic therapy for cancer is called

Back 16

chemotherapy

Front 17

many chemotherapeutic agents can be either irritants or

Back 17

vesicants

Front 18

_____ (external beam radiation) is the most common form of radiation tx delivery

Back 18

teletherapy

Front 19

radiation can also be delivered as _________, which means "close" or internal radiation tx.

Back 19

brachytherapy

Front 20

monitoring the complete blood count is critical in pts receiving radiation and/or chemo. it is typical for pts to experience the lowest blood counts, called the _____, between 7-10 days after initiation of therapy.

Back 20

nadir

Front 21

____ ____, or biologic response modifier therapy, consists of agents that modify the relationship btwn the host and the tumor by altering the biologic response of the host to the tumor cells

Back 21

biologic therapy

Front 22

____ ____ interferes w/cancer growth by targeting specific cellular receptors & pathways that are important for tumor growth

Back 22

targeted therapy

Front 23

____ _____ ____ and ____ ____ _____ _____ are effective lifesaving procedures for a number of malignant & nonmalignant diseases

Back 23

bone marrow transplantation and peripheral stemp cell transplantation

Front 24

terminology is continually evolving and bone marrow and peripheral stem cell transplantation are typically referred to in general as ___ ___ ____ _____

Back 24

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation