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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Congress-Types of Representation |
1. Policy 2. Allocative 3. Case work 4. Symbolic |
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Policy representation |
Congressional work for laws that advance the economic and social interests of the constituency(180) |
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Allocative representation |
Congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district(181) |
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Pork barreling |
Perks(projects and grants) that are paid for by all the taxpayer but enjoyed by just a few(181) |
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Congress oversight |
Where Congress attempts to ensure that the president and bureaucracy are carrying out the laws as congress intended--> how the pres implements the law(185) |
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Standing Committee |
-Permanent committees that carry over from one session to the next -review most pieces of legislation introduced to Congress -they scrutinize, hold hearings on, amend, and kill legislation b4 congress even sees it "eyes, ear, and workhorses of Congress" -deal w/issues in specific policies area and have subcommittees that focus on those areas (199-200) |
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The Legislative Process- How does a bill become a law |
Bill is introduced-->Committee and sub committee consider bill--> House and Senate consider bill and vote--> Conference committee resolves any differences--> bills pass both houses--> president vetoes bill (205 Figure 6.2) or review Figure 6.3 on p.206 "How a Bill Becomes a Law: The longer route" |
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Implied Powers of Congress |
“Necessary and proper clause” ability to legislate in areas that aren't specifically spelled out in the constitution(lecture) |
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Differences between House of Reps and Senate |
House--> 20 standing committee members,rules committee, limits on debate floor spend less on election Senate--> 2/3 treaty making power, majority approval for pres appointments 16 standing committee,no rules committee, can filibuster on floor debate |
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Speaker of the House-significance |
Most powerful House member elected by majority party (196) -chairs floor debates -makes majority party committee assignments -negotiates w/members of the minority party and the White House -guides legislation through the House -Helps party members get re-elected(lecture) |
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Incumbent Advantage-elections |
refers to the edge in visibility, experience, organization, and fundraising ability possessed by the people who already hold the job (190) |
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Reapportionment |
When the 435 House seats are reallocated among the states after each 10 year census (187) |
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Redistricting |
The redrawing of district lines in states with more than 1 representative -carried out by legislators -can turn bitter (188) |
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Gerrymandering |
the process of drawing district lines to benefit 1 group or another -can result in some extremely strange shapes by the time the state politicians are through |
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Cracking (gerrymandering) |
breaking up a district to dilute the vote;happens today for party gain (lecture) |
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Hijacking (gerrymandering) |
when you put and incumbent that you don’t like in another district where he/she has to run against another incumbent(usually the same party) (lecture) |
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Bleaching (gerrymandering) |
packing voters of the same ethnicity into a certain district(can only have influence w/1 representative) (lecture) |
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Packing (gerrymandering) |
packing a district with like minded voters (lecture) |
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Kidnapping (gerrymandering) |
lines are drawn so that the candidate is moved out of the district; so that he/she is not a big challenger b/c they don’t have the support they would normally have (lecture) |
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Amicus Curiae Briefs |
"friends of the court" documents, that are filed in support of about 8% of petitions for certiorari by interest groups that want to encourage the Court to grant or deny cert. (302) -influences the justice to hear the case and grant cert. |
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Rule of Four |
It only take 4 justices to agree to grant it certiorari -fewer people to decide to hear a case than to eventually decide that case itself, give power to the a minority on the court (302) |
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Writ of Certiorari |
the losing party in a lower court case explains in writing why the Supreme Court should hear its case(302) |
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Stare Decisis |
AKA precedent -the emphasis on preserving the decisions that had been made before -their job is to determine and apply the law-not take an active role in discovering the truth (284) |
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Judicial Interpretivism vs. Strict constructionism |
Strict constructionism: holds that if the meaning of the constitution is to be changed, it must be done by amendment, not by judicial interpretation Judicial Interpretivism: |
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Judicial Activism vs. Judicial Restraint |
Judicial Activism: comfortable with OVERTURNING precedents, exercising judicial review, and otherwise making decisions that shape gov't policy Judicial Restraint:Believe in the principle of precedent (stare decisis) and reject any active lawmaking by the Court as unconstitutional(303) |
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Marbury vs. Madison |
Chief Justice Marshall adopted the power of judicial review in this case in 1803 (288) |
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Judicial Review |
The power that allows the Court to review acts of the other branches of gov't and to invalidate them if they are found to run counter to the principles of the Constitution Established by John Marshall--> power increased b/c of him(288) |
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Selecting Judges for the Federal Bench |
-appointed by the president, confirmed by the Senate -MERIT: most qualified and high ethical standards FBI checks background -political ideology: shares views on politics and laws with president/roughly 90% of Supreme Court nominees belong to nominating pres party -political reward: personally acquainted with the president -demographic representation: represent groups (i.e. religion, ethnicity, and sex) who pres feels should be included in the political process |
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Supreme Court Justices how many? their last names |
9 Supreme Court Justices: 1.Thomas 2.Scalia 3.Roberts 4.Kennedy 5.Bader Ginsburg 6.Sotomayor 7.Breyer 8.Alito 9.Kagan (from lecture) |
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The Robert Court-trend |
- they're likely to allow a religion to play a role in public life -likely to elaborate further in the scope of the 2nd amendment→ right to bear arms - they're likely to curtail reproductive rights and protections for people accused of crimes (from lecture) CONSERVATIVE-Kennedy is the swing vote |
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Take Care Clause |
"take care that the laws be faithfully executed" -his way of checking Congress -implied power that has been supported by the Supreme Court |
