Exam 2 Development Practice Questions From Consolidated Notes

Front 1

When we form the trilaminar disc it is the _______ that migrates in and forms the primitive streak

Back 1

Epiblast

Front 2

Epiblast that goes into the primitive streak and forms all the new _________, which pushes the ________ into the yolk sac

Back 2

Epiblast that goes into the primitive streak and forms all the new endoderm, which pushes the hypoblast into the yolk sac

Front 3

The _______ also makes the new mesoderm that is lateral to the midline on each side

Back 3

Epiblast

Front 4

Primitive Streak fills in with mesoderm from the epiblast and goes up cranially to the ________?

Back 4

Oropharygeal membrane

Front 5

_________ is the floor of the oropharygeal membrane

Back 5

Prechordal plate

Front 6

oropharygeal membrane has how many layers?

Back 6

2 layers

Front 7

oropharygeal membrane is over the ________, where the heart forms

Back 7

cardiogenic area

Front 8

oropharygeal membrane is derived from what?

Back 8

Transverse septum

Front 9

Only thing that comes through the primitive knot and moves right up the midline is the __________ which induces the _____________.

Back 9

notochordal process which induces the nervous system, neural plate, etc

Front 10

What comes off the back of the cloacal membrane?

Back 10

Connecting stalk

Front 11

what are two names for the space between the developing heart and head which are now developing next to each other?

Back 11

Stomodeum and primitive oral cavity

Front 12

What is the first part of the gut that forms?

Back 12

Pharynx

Front 13

Ventral/anterior to stomodeum there will be mesoderm swellings which arise in series: (three)?

Back 13

-Frontonasal prominence
-Maxillary prominence (lateral to stomodeum)
-Mandibular prominence (dorsal/posterior to stomodeum)

Front 14

The maxillary and manidublar prominences are part of what arch?

Back 14

First arch

Front 15

All three facial prominence pairs are innervated by what nerve?

What are the pairs?

Back 15

All innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

-Frontonasal= opthalmic part
-Maxillary= maxillary part
-Mandibular= mandibular part

Front 16

Frontonasal prominence starts making what?

Back 16

The nasal cavity

Front 17

________ forms nasal placodes within each side of the frontonasal prominence?

Back 17

Ectoderm

Front 18

What are the two Mesoderm swellings occur on the lateral side of each nasal placode?

Back 18

Lateral and Medial nasal prominences

Front 19

The oropharyngeal membrane opens when?

Back 19

At the end of one month

Front 20

________ are already coming together in the midline and will fuse to become the lower jaw?

Back 20

Mandibular prominences

Front 21

Medial two nasal prominences are getting pushed closer together to form the _________, the mesodermal part that fuses together?

Back 21

intermaxillary segment

Front 22

As maxillary prominences come in they will fuse with the _________ and ___________ so that that our upper jaw forms

Back 22

lateral nasal prominence and intermaxillary segment

Front 23

Initially there is a groove from the orbit down to the oral cavity which is the __________?

Back 23

nasalacrimal groove

Front 24

The nasalacrimal groove is filled with _________ and _________

Back 24

ectoderm and mesoderm

Front 25

nasalacrimal groove will eventually form the __________ and ____________

Back 25

nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac

Front 26

Intermaxillary segment is formed when?

Back 26

8 weeks

Front 27

Maxillaries have come in and have fused with lateral nasal prominence and intermaxillary segment and we have an upper jaw when?

Back 27

8 weeks

Front 28

Frontonasal prominences form what?

Back 28

forehead and dorsum, apex of nose

Front 29

Medial nasal prominences form what?

Back 29

the intermaxillary segment of upper jaw and nasal septum

Front 30

_______ cleft occurs when maxillary and mandibular prominences do not come together correctly at their lateral connection

Back 30

Lateral facial cleft

Front 31

________ cleft occurs when mandibular prominences do not come together

Back 31

Mandibular cleft

Front 32

________ cleft occurs when the maxillary prominence fails to fuse with the intermaxillary segment and the lateral nasal prominence

Back 32

Oblique facial cleft

Front 33

____________ forms the primary palate and nasal septum

Back 33

Intermaxillary segment

Front 34

For the nasal cavity we make a pair of _______ and build up mesoderm around them and them, they sink in to form our nasal cavities

Back 34

nasal placodes

Front 35

Bones within the nasal cavity, start forming before the oral nasal membrane has been broken through

Back 35

Conchae

Front 36

Primary palate begins to form in here amongst the intermaxillary segments, medial nasal prominences and the lateral nasal prominences

Back 36

roof of oral cavity

Front 37

_____________ is giving rise to the nasal septum

Back 37

Intermaxillary segment

Front 38

________ palate(s) arise from the secondary palate

Back 38

both hard and soft

Front 39

________ palate(s) arise from the primary palate

Back 39

maxillary

Front 40

the tongue prevents the fusion of the _______ palates

Back 40

secondary palates

Front 41

At what point in development does the tongue drop down enabling the secondary palates to bounce up and become horizontal, fusing with each other at midline and nasal septum?

Back 41

8-10 weeks

Front 42

secondary palate does not fuse with primary palate?

Back 42

Cleft of primary palate

opening between oral and nasal cavity

Front 43

secondary and primary are fused together, but the secondary palates do not fuse with each other

Back 43

Cleft of secondary palate

Front 44

secondary did not fuse with the primary palate and the two secondary palates do not fuse together

Back 44

Cleft of primary and secondary palate

Front 45

________ induction begins to form the eye?

Back 45

Secondary induction

Front 46

The adjacent _______ induces optic vesicles in the membrane

Back 46

mesoderm

Front 47

The optic vesicles induce the _______ to make the lens placodes

Back 47

ectoderm

Front 48

The transparent cornea forms from the lens epidermis and induces the ________

Back 48

ectoderm

Front 49

The cornea is also induced from the ________

Back 49

ectoderm

Front 50

The optic nerve originates from the _________?

Back 50

optic stalk

Front 51

The _________ originates here in the stalk from the mesoderm

Back 51

choroid fissure

Front 52

The ________ functions to bring blood vessels and vitreous humor into the developing eye

Back 52

choroid fissure

Front 53

The blood vessels of the eye are initially called what?

Back 53

hyaloid arteries

Front 54

The hyaloid arteries mature to become what?

Back 54

the central artery of the retina

Front 55

What rolls up to form the lens?

Back 55

the placode

Front 56

The lens of the eye continues adding cells until what age?

Back 56

Age 20

Front 57

There is a vascular tunic around the lens called the _________

Back 57

tunica vaginalis lentis

Front 58

The tunica vaginalis lentis has an opening around the pupil called the ___________

Back 58

pupillary membrane

Front 59

The inner layer on the retina has neural tissue called the _____________

Back 59

neural retina

Front 60

The outer layer does not have neural tissue and is considered to be called the ____________

Back 60

pigmented retina

Front 61

The neural retina and the pigmented retina come from the _____________ region of the eye

Back 61

posterior two-thirds

Front 62

The iris muscles form from the _________ and open and close the pupil

Back 62

neural crest

Front 63

These 2 muscles open and close pupil

Back 63

Dilator and Sphincter pupillae

Front 64

The aqueous cavity forms in the __________ anterior to the lens

Back 64

mesoderm

Front 65

Part of it becomes the pupillary membrane?

Back 65

Aqueous cavity

Front 66

The ___________ disintegrates when the hyaloid artery disintegrates due to lack of blood supply to it

Back 66

pupillary membrane

Front 67

The disintegration of the pupillary membrane forms a two part chamber called the __________, which is filled with ___________

Back 67

aqueous chamber filled with aqueous humor

Front 68

The _________ makes the aqueous humor, which drains via the __________

Back 68

ciliary process drains via the scleral venous sinus

Front 69

the vitreous humor is in the chamber between the pupil and retina. It is derived from the __________ that comes into the eyeball.

Back 69

Mesoderm

Front 70

The mesoderm forms the vitreous humor and forms the inner layer neural retinal cells. True/False

Back 70

True

Front 71

If no pigment is formed in the iris, the color of the eye is which two colors?

Back 71

Light blue or gray

Front 72

If pigment is in the pigmental layer only, the person will have what color eyes?

Back 72

blue eyes

Front 73

If pigment is in the pigmental layer and surrounding mesoderm, the person will have what color eyes?

Back 73

brown eyes

Front 74

The choroid and sclera is derived from the _______ that surrounds the outside, and are also derived from the ______________.

The __________ is the vascular portion and the _________ is the thick fibrous portion.

Back 74

mesoderm and neural crest cells

Choroid is vascularized, sclera is thick and fibrous

Front 75

__________ is a hole in the iris of the eye and does not really affect vision.

Back 75

Coloboma iridis

Front 76

This anomaly occurs when the choroid fissure remains open and extends down the optic nerve

Back 76

Coloboma iridis

Front 77

these two conditions can occur when pressure builds up inside the eyeball?

Back 77

Congenital glaucoma, or buphthalmos

Front 78

__________ occurs when the optic vesicle fails to form in the eye cup

Back 78

Anaphthalmia

Front 79

___________ is a variation in which the eye forms abnormally in the eye cup

Back 79

Microphthalmia

Front 80

This condition can be genetic or can be caused by the Rubella virus?

Back 80

Congenital cataracts

Front 81

The weakest part of the sclera is the area where the optic nerve enters the eye, known as the _____________

Back 81

lamina cribosa

Front 82

what two structures make up the outside layer of the eyeball?

Back 82

sclera and the cornea

Front 83

what three layers make up the second or middle vascular layer of the eye?

Back 83

choroid, ciliary body, and iris

Front 84

what structure makes up the inner layer of the eye?

this structure also makes the remnants of the hyaloid artery in the hyaloid canal

Back 84

the neural retina

Front 85

the inner layer of the eye (neural retina layer) is made up of two areas?

Back 85

pars optica (light sensitive area)
pars caeca (non-light sensitive area)

Front 86

The sharp focus aspect of the retina is concentrated in a 2 millimeter portion of it known as the ________

Back 86

macula lutea

Front 87

aka nearsightedness, lens too wide?

Back 87

Myopia

Front 88

aka farsightedness, lens is too flat?

Back 88

Hyperopia

Front 89

The _____ absorb colored light and the _____ absorb dark light

Back 89

The cones absorb colored light and the rods absorb dark light

Front 90

What are the six branches of the ophthalamic artery to the surrounding parts of the eye?

Back 90

Lacrimal branch
Supraorbital branch
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches
Medial palpebral arteries
Supratrochlear branch
Dorsal nasal branch

Front 91

the __________ anastomoses with the facial vein of the face

Back 91

opthalmic vein

Front 92

parasympathetic innervation in the light reflex comes from cranial nerve?

Back 92

CN 3

Front 93

sympathetic innervation of eye comes from the cranial nerve?

Back 93

CN 5