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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mass spectrometry |
Mw |
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Infrared Spectroscopy |
Functional group id |
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NMR name? |
Nuclear Magnetic Radiofrequency Ressonance Spectroscopy |
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What does NMR measure |
C.h. framework (how they're put together) |
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Ultra violet visible spectroscopy |
Unsaturation (pi bonds) |
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Molecular ion Relatively tall peak with greatest m/z(mw) Aka parent peak |
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Isotopic peak due to c-13 |
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Base peak |
Tallest peak. Peak of 100% abundance |
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Organic compounds that only contain ________, MW is always even |
H, C, O |
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Nitrogen rule |
A molecule that contains an odd number of nitrogen atoms will have an odd MW |
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Chlorine peak ratio |
3:1 |
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Bromine peak ratio |
1:1 |
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Iodine peak ratio |
No parent peak or isotopic peak. Only base peak at 127 |
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H-1% H-2% |
H-1 is 99.985% H-2 is 0.015% |
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C-12 % C-13 % |
C-12 is 98.89% C-13 is 1.11% |
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Infrared spectroscopy |
Used to identify functional groups, thoes that are present/not present |
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Frequency is measured in.... |
Hz=1/sec |
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Wavelength is measured in .... |
Meters |
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Nonpolar. Pointy. C-C and C-H |
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Polar. Round. C=C C-O C=/N C-X C-N |
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H bonding. Broad RCO2H ROH |
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What are the two types of NMR |
PMR- H1- low amount of noise CMR- C13 - alot of noise |
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Nucleus |
If a nucleus has an even number of protons and an even number of neutrons, it will be nonmagnetically active. |
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What are the 4 general rules to NMR Spectroscopy |
1. Number of NMR absorptions 2. Chemical Shifts 3. Integration of NMR signals 4. Spin-Spin Splitting |
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1. Number of NMR observations |
The number of signals (sets of signals) is indicative of the number of chemically nonequivalent magnetically active nuclei represented by the signals (sets of signals) |
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1. Chemical Shifts |
The chemical shift (horizontal position) of each signal is indicative of the chemically (magnetic) environment of the magnetically active nuclei represented by each signal. |
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Pi bonds ____ shielding |
Increase |
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3. Integration of NMR Signals |
The relative size of (area underneath) the signals is indicative of the relative number of magnetically active nuclei represented by each signal |
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4. Spin spin splitting |
Signal splitting (observed in sets of signals) is indicative of the number of nearby chemically- nonequivalent magnetically active nuceli (n+1 rule; actually the 2nI+1 rule) |
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What does CMR stand for? |
Completely decoupled CMR |
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What does GATEDEC stand for? |
Gated decoupled CMR |
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What specs does our machine use? |
7 Tesla. H1- 300 mhz (high pitch) C-13 75 mhz (low pitch) |
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Difference in meaning of "nearby" between carbon and hydrogen |
Carbon-13 - nearby means directly attached H-1 - nearby means within 3 bonds of each other. |
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What is this? |
Chlorine 3:1 |
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What is this? |
Bromine 1:1 |
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8 line column 6 line rows |
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Spin spin splitting |
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Spin spin splitting for i 1/2 |
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New way |
