Exam 2 - Ch 6 Health And Wellness Potter Perry Fundamentals Of Nursing

Front 1

The WHO definition of health -

Back 1

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Front 2

Characteristics of "Health" in 2011.

Back 2

Have changed over time
Not simply the absence of disease
Must be defined in terms of the individual
Vary among age groups, genders, races, cultures
Becoming increasingly holistic

Front 3

Models of health and illness are -

Back 3

Based in theory, represent different ways of approaching a complex issue, provide a framework for understanding complex relationships, help nurses to predict clients' behavior

Front 4

Internal variables that may influence health beliefs include:

Back 4

Developmental Stage, Intellect, Perception of functioning, Emotional factors, Spiritual Factors

Front 5

External variables that may influence health beliefs include:

Back 5

Family practices, Socioeconomic background, Cultural background

Front 6

Leading health indicators noted in Healthy People 2010

Back 6

Physical Activity, Overweight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality,access to healthcare.

Front 7

Health Promotion

Back 7

measures taken to maintain or enhance current level of health (i.e. exercise)

Front 8

Prevention aims to

Back 8

protect clients from actual or potential health threats (i.e. immunization).

Front 9

Considering the role of the nurse, promotion of wellness involves -

Back 9

Teaching self-care (i.e. stress management)

Front 10

Risk factors may be considered _______ or __________.

Back 10

Modifiable or Nonmodifiable

Front 11

Examples of risk factors include -

Back 11

Genetic makeup, age, environment, lifestyle, gender

Front 12

Effective illness prevention involves 4 components -

Back 12

Identification of risk factors
Health Screening
Risk Factor Modification
Education and Teaching

Front 13

6 stages of behavior modification -

Back 13

No intention, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Front 14

Maintenance of change can only be achieved if

Back 14

it is integrated into lifestyle

Front 15

secondary prevention (Screening) for Cardiovascular Disease

Back 15

Screen for hyperlipidemia every 5 years

Front 16

Screening for opthalmologic disease

Back 16

Glaucoma screening yearly over age 40

Front 17

Colon cancer prevention (adult)

Back 17

Rectal Exam - yearly after age 50 or with provider discretion over age 40
Occult blood in stool - yearly after age 50
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy - every 5 years after age 50
Colonoscopy - every 8 yrs after age 50

Front 18

Gynecologic cancer prevention (adult)

Back 18

Certical cancer screening at age 21 or when sexually active
Breast cancer screening annually
Chlamydia screening in high risk populations
Pelvic exam yearly

Front 19

Prostate screening

Back 19

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) yearly after age 50

Front 20

Adult immunizations

Back 20

Tetanus vaccine - every 10 yrs
Measles vaccine - 1 booster if born after 1956
Rubella vaccine - fertile women without proof of immunity
Influenza vaccine - annually
pneumococcus vaccine - One dose after age 65 or asplenic
Tuberculin Skin Test - any patient at high risk
Hepatitis B screening and immunization - anyone at risk

Front 21

Childhood screenings include -

Back 21

screening for congenital anomalies, metabolic disease, hearing, eyesight, scoliosis, cardiovascular disease, lead exposure, asthma, risk factors.

Front 22

Illness is -

Back 22

A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with previous experience.

Front 23

Characteristics of acute illness

Back 23

Severe, abrupt, intense appearance of symptoms (<6 mo), can be life-threatening

Front 24

Characteristics of chronic illness

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persists longer than 6 mo, level of functioning may vary, may include relapses or exacerbations, condition becomes part of the patient (normalization), may be life threatening.

Front 25

Illness behavior

Back 25

New actions that are a result of illness - includes monitoring, interpretation of symptoms, action taken, use of health care system, etc. These actions are influenced by internal and external factors.

Front 26

Other impacts of illness on client and family

Back 26

Behavioral and emotional changes
Body image
self-concept
family roles
family dynamics

Front 27

Health Belief Model

Back 27

Focuses on the connection between a person's health beliefs and their health behavior.
1st component involves susceptibility to an illness (i.e. "I have a strong family history of heart disease so I'm really focused on maintaining my cardiac health").
2nd component is client's perception of the seriousness of an illness ("my father has had 12 heart attacks and he's fine").
3rd is the likelihood that a client will take preventative action based on perception of barriers or benefits ("If I only have 10-15 minutes to walk, I don't bother because it wouldn't do any good anyway").

Front 28

Model of Health Promotion (Pender)

Back 28

Directed at increasing a client's level of well-being. Designed to be a "complimentary counterpart to models of health protection". It defines health as a positive dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease.

Front 29

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Back 29

A model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs. Basic needs must be met first followed by secondary and tertiary needs until the person is fully healthy.
Top: Self-actualization
Qaternary level: Self esteem
Tertiary level: Love and belonging
Secondary: physical and psychological safety.
Base: O2, fluids, nutrition, body temp, elimination, shelter, sex.

Front 30

Holistic Health Models

Back 30

Attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health. Client participates and accepts some responsibility for aspects of health maintenance.

Front 31

Transtheoretical Model of Change

Back 31

assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual through the stages of change to action and maintenance.

Front 32

Acute illness

Back 32

Typically has a short duration and is severe. The symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and often subside after a relatively short period.

Front 33

Chronic illness

Back 33

Typically lasts longer than 6 months. Symptoms my decrease and then relapse. Clients and families go through a process of normalization in which they adapt to life with the disease

Front 34

Health behavior change

Back 34

A change in behavior specifically aimed at improving health status. i.e. quitting smoking, exercising more often

Front 35

health behaviors

Back 35

Positive health behaviors are activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness. Examples include immunizations, proper sleep paterns, exercise and attention to nutrition.

Front 36

Passive strategies of health promotion

Back 36

Individuals benefit without having to take any action. Examples include fluoridation of public water and fortification of milk and flour.

Front 37

Who wrote the influential document "Healthy People", first published in 1979?

Back 37

The Surgeon General - it is a report on health promotion and disease prevention issues of the time. Healthy People 2010 was recently published and includes updated emphasis on key areas of health that are specifically targeted to our current society.

Front 38

Risk factor is

Back 38

any situation, habit, or social, environmental, physiological, spiritual, deveopmental, intellectual or psychological condition that increases vulnerability of an individual

Front 39

Active strategies of health promotion

Back 39

Individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs. Examples include weight reductions and smoking cessation programs. Clients must choose to take action.