Exam 2 Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

The PNS can be further divided into three systems:

Back 1

Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Enteric Nervous System

Front 2

What is the fx of primary autonomic efferents of the PNS?

Back 2

Govern involuntary fx of the body that do not effect consciousness
GI tract motility
Cardiac activity
Contraction of the bladder
Constriction of the eye

Front 3

Each efferent pathway consists of two neurons. What are they?

Back 3

Preganglionic neuron
Post ganglionic neuron

Front 4

Where is the soma of the preganglionic neuron located?

Back 4

CNS
Sypmathetic in Lateral horn of gray matter in T1-L2 spinal cord
Parasympathetic in brainstem, and S2-S4 in lateral horn of gray matter

Front 5

What do ALL preganglionic neurons release? What type of fiber are they?

Back 5

Acetylcholine
Type B Fiber

Front 6

What do postganglionic neurons release? What type of fiber are they?

Back 6

Norepinephrine, acetylcholine or neuropeptides.
Type C fiber

Front 7

Consciously controlled motor responses are part of the...

Back 7

Sensory Nervous System (SNS)

Front 8

What type of fibers are in somatic motor neurons, and what type of neurotransmitter do they release?

Back 8

Type A fibers
Acetylcholine
(Acetylcholine is release from presynaptic terminals of the motorneurons and activates nicotinic receptors.

Front 9

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

Back 9

On the motor end plates of skeletal muscle.

Front 10

Where are exteroceptors located?

Back 10

At or near the surface of the body.

Front 11

Where are proprioceptors located?

Back 11

In muscles, tendons, joints and the inner ear.

Front 12

The motor part of the ANS consists of two branches, what are they? List characteristics of each

Back 12

Sympathetic
Short Preganglionic
Cell body in CNS
Long Postganglionic
Typically postgang Release Norepi
Parasympathetic
Long preganglionic
Short postganglionic
Typically postgang release Acetylcho
Cell body is usually in brainstem but may be in sp cord

Front 13

What is in the ganglia and what occurs there?

Back 13

Postsyn cell body
Synapse

Front 14

What are the two exceptions to the organization of the ANS?

Back 14

The sympathetics to the adrenal medulla only have a preganglionic neuron, no post
(still release ACh)
The postganglionics to the sweat glands secrete ACh, though the hands and feet secrete NE.

Front 15

What do the white ramus contain? Where are they?
What do the gray ramus contain? Where are they?

Back 15

Myelinated Type B axons, located in thoracic and first 2-3 lumbar sp nerves
Unmyelinated Type C axons, located leading to each of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Front 16

Where is the sympathetic outflow?

Back 16

Thoracolumbar T1 to L2

Front 17

Where do short fibers in the white rami synapse? What are they?

Back 17

In the paravertebral (chain) ganglia or the prevertebral ganglia via splanchnic nerves. They are sympathetic nerves

Front 18

Where is the parasympathetic outflow?

Back 18

Cranial nerves 3,7,9,10
(80% exit via vagus)
and S2-S4

Front 19

Where do postganglionic parasympathetic neurons synapse?

Back 19

Outside of, or in, the wall of visceral organs.

Front 20

What is the other name for parasympathetic ganglia and what are the two types?

Back 20

Terminal Ganglia
Two types
1. Head Ganglia
2. Intramural Ganglia

Front 21

What is an autonomic plexus?

Back 21

Tangled network of parasympathetic & sympathetic neurons, along major arteries. May contain sensory ganglia and axons of autonomic sensory neurons.

Front 22

What are the two major plexuses in the thorax?

Back 22

Cardiac and Pulmonary Plexus

Front 23

Cholinergic neurons release:

Back 23

Acetylcholine
Receptors are called cholinoreceptors

Front 24

Adrenergic neurons release:

Back 24

Norepinephrine
Receptors are called adrenoreceptors

Front 25

Locations of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Back 25

Nicotinic
PM of soma and dendrites of postgang sym and parasym, in motor end plate @ neuromusc jx, and adrenal medulla.
Muscarinic
PM of all effectors (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands) of postgang parasym axons.

Front 26

The two types of Cholinergic receptors, both of which bind ACh, are nicotinic and muscarinic. Compare and contrast:

Back 26

Nicotinic receptors produce excitation (via depolarization), ACh binds to alpha subunit of receptor, are also ion channels for NA and K.
Muscarinic, acts via 2ndary messengers, can cause depolarization or hyperpolarization. (610)

Front 27

Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons are:

Back 27

Adrenergic (release norepi)

Front 28

Alpha and beta receptors are the two main types of:
Alpha & beta 1 activation cause:
Alpha & beta 2 activation cause:

Back 28

Adrenoreceptors

Excitation

Inhibition

Front 29

Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons are:
All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are:

Back 29

Adrenergic

Cholinergic

Front 30

Why to the effects in the sypmpathetic nervous system tend to last longer?

Back 30

Bc the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (adrenergic)are not inactivated quckly, while ACh is quickly degraded by acetylcholinesterase.

Front 31

Location of receptor cholinergic:

Back 31

Integral proteins in postsyn PM activated by ACh.

Front 32

Location of receptor nicotinic (cholingergic):

Back 32

PM of postgang symp and parasym neurons, chromaffin cells of adrenal medullae, motor end plate of skeletal muscle.

Front 33

Location of receptor muscarinic (cholinergic):

Back 33

Effectors innervated by parasympathetic postgang neurons, sweat glands innervated by cholinergic symp postgang neurons.

Front 34

Location of receptor adrenergic:
alpha 1:
Beta 1:
Beta 2:

Back 34

Integral proteins in postsyn PM, activated by epinephrine and by horomone NE
Smooth musle fibers in blood vessels, sweat glands on palms and soles.
Cardiac muscle fibers and adipocytes.
Smooth muscle in wall of airway.

Front 35

Small dense core vesicles:
Small clear vesicles:

Back 35

Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine

Front 36

Compare and contrast symp vs parasymp:

Back 36

Most body organs are innervated by both, and work in opposition.
Hypothalamus regulates the sypathetic vs the parasympathetic activity.
Sympathetic only: sweat glands, arrector pili, kidneys, spleen, most blood vessels and adrenal medullae

Front 37

Sympathetic, fight-or-flight response, 4 E situations

Back 37

Excercise, emergency, embarrassment, excitement

Front 38

Parasympathetic, rest and digest, SLUDD and 3 decreases.

Back 38

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defication, digestion.
hrt rate, airway diameter, pupillary diameter.

Front 39

Via the ANS, the hypothalamus is a major regulator of visceral activities including:

Back 39

Satiety

Front 40

The medulla contains several nuclei that control vital body functions such as:

Back 40

Cardiovascular center (rate and force of hrt beat and diameter of bld vessels)
Medullary rhythmicity area adjusts the basic rhythm of breathing.