Exam 2 Ancient Rome.

Front 1

Tiberious Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus

Back 1

They wanted to talk for the people. Theynoticed the amount of poor people in Rome. The brother were sons of thepublicans but very healthy. They're mother was from a patrician family.

Front 2

Tiberius Gracchus

Back 2

HE was in the army, he notice thatthere was people that were of poor quality, sick, almost no skills. He did notknow why they were like this, theses poor were from the city which he didn’tknow. He wanted the army to stay strong, which meant making people healthy andstrong. He wanted to help the poor by setting them up with farms. Tiberius wanted to take thepublic land to be given to the poor, to start out a farm. He will first try to talk with the senate totalk about it, but the senate did not care. After this he went to the publianassembly, to try and get himself elected to tribune. He gets elected astribune, he works with his father and brother Gaius, to work on a plan.

Front 3

Tiberius Gracchus Plan

Back 3

1. NO citizen could rent morethan 300 acres of public land.

2. Those renting more than 300acres, have to give it up, but they will be given 300 acres that they are theycan have.

3. Poor citizens will be giventhe chance to rent public land at bargains prices.

4. rent will go into the publictreasure, but they will be picked up by publicans.

5. There would be a landcommission set up to get the plan carried out. 3 people in it, Tiberious, Gausand Tiberious father in law. The senate tried to kill it butit did not succeed.

Front 4

Tiberius Gracchus death

Back 4

Tiberious decided that he wouldrun for re election for tribune. That was breaking the law at the time. Election day came, the optimates in 132 BC saidthat there was a riot that just happened, somehow the result of the riot wasTiberius death. After this violence is part of politics

Front 5

The Populares

Back 5

the poor.

Front 6

Optimates

Back 6

The rich

Front 7

Gaius

Back 7

kept a low profile after Tiberius death. In 124 B.C. Gaus is powerful enough to be a Tribune. He had a new and more challenging law to the senate. He becomes a tribune again in 123, in 122 he wanted run again. In 122 the optimates weren’t happy so they rounded up soldiers and they sent them to get rid of Gaus. The story says that he committed suicide.

Front 8

Gaus New Law

Back 8

The publican assembly will make all the important foreign policy decisions. Land will be given out not only in Italy to citizens but also in provinces, there would be farms in Carthage worked by the poor. He also wanted to make more colonies for veterans. He suggested that more Italians are to be made citizens. The government of the city of Rome will buy grains and it will sell that grain to the citizens of Rome below the market price.

Front 9

Marius

Back 9

elected council in 108 B.C. He had command in North Africa. In 107 BC. In 105 B.C he took out Jugurtha. Marious was told to leave African and clean things up in Southern France were other generals had failed. 102-101 B.C. he successfully took care of the problem. He believe in Tiberious and Gaus cause. he is reelected council 5 different time in a row

Front 10

Jugurtha

Back 10

African king that got tired of Rome.

Front 11

Marius army

Back 11

his army had a lot of people that were Italians(allies) and people who are Roman citizens but they were really poor. His army is made of this type of people. He is in command of them for years. He promised his soldiers that by the end of the campaign they will gain land.

Front 12

Marious Army in Rome.

Back 12

In 101 B.C. Marious went back to Italy. Thousands of veterans come back home, not actually in the city because it was the law. This made the senate very nervous. While Mariousis busy persuading the senate. Some guy decided to go against the senate, with an uprising. Marious sided with the senate. In 90s B.C. there is a struggle for the Italians to survive in Rome. Romans recent the immigrants. In 95 B.C. order all the Italians to leave Roman.

Front 13

Drusus

Back 13

All Italians Bellow the Poe River would be considerer Romans. He ended up very dead.

Front 14

Sulla

Back 14

was another succesfull general. He was not a nice guy, most bloodthirsty general in the roman ancient world. He was elected counsil in 88 B.C. he did really good fighting Italians. He recived a command in the near east. This made Marius bad. In 88 BC took 6 legions( 30 thousand soldiers). He marched his whole army into Rome. The senate changed his mind and gave the job to Sulla. He got the senate to kill Marius and his supporters. Marius escaped along with some of his supporters and leaders. There is no trial, just getting people and killing them.

Front 15

Mirthridates

Back 15

one of the kingdoms of Alexander the great. He was acting up so they sent Sulla to fight Mithridates.

Front 16

Marius exile

Back 16

Sulla got the senate to kill Marius and his supporters. Marius escaped along with some of his supporters and leaders. There is no trial, just getting people and killing them.

Front 17

Sulla after Marius

Back 17

In 83 BC. Sulla is Back in Italy with several generals with him. He walks into Rome and takes over. By 83 BC Marius had died by natural causes. By the end of 82 BC Sulla had all of Marius supporters to kill them. Sulla got the senate to become a Dictator. There was no time limit this time. He was able to produce laws. He added 450 people into the senate after he killed the followers of Marius. Many of the new senators were the Equites.

Front 18

Marius before death

Back 18

Marius and his supporters got together and made anti senate riots. died in 83 B.C

Front 19

Ten Gap Year

Back 19

in order to reelect yourself as a Tribune. Be a Tribune ten years later you can reelect. Tribunes can’t run for any other office(would mean the end of the political career).

Front 20

Cinna

Back 20

Marius friend who was in office as a council.

Front 21

Crassus

Back 21

was incredible wealthy and he pulled political strings for Caesar. He got Caesar a military position in Spain.

Front 22

Pompey

Back 22

was another of Caesars helpers a wealthy general. Connections with the optimates with Sulla side. Married Julia to make a connection with Julius.

Front 23

Julius Caesar

Back 23

Born in 100 B.C. Julius was not handsome, 6 foot tall, thin, strong, very white skin, looked unhealthy, and he did not have much hair. He was a sharp dresser, had a sense of fashion.

-He was very charming, people person, good humor, you really like this guy.

-Yet he was Ruthless, when it came to get what he wanted. He had incredible ambition. He had incredible energy. He was a “workaholic”. HE was incredible courageous

Front 24

Julius Caesar Family

Back 24

he came from a family that had been around for a long time, but they weren’t known for much, they weren’t incredibly rich, just normal people. He wanted to make his family the best, cause they did nothing

Front 25

Julius early career.

Back 25

At age 25 he should have been up in his political career, but at the age of 17 he and married the daughter of one of Marius supporters. When Sulla heard about the marriage he order Caesar to divorce her, but he just ran away. He joined the army as a soldier instead. In 70 BC he gets back to Rome, Sulla is dead, he is 30 BC, back in Rome he got loans from people to begin to start his way to government. 63 BC gets elected pontifex maximus. 62 BC a pritor he was also deep in debt, one of them was Crassus. He gets elected council 59 BC (he was 40).

Front 26

First Triumvitae

Back 26

Caesar, Crassus, Pompey.

Crassus and Pompey did not care for each together but they knew that Caesar was awesome and they knew they had to tolerate each other so they could succeed. They also hated the same people.

Front 27

First Triumvitae End

Back 27

1.Crassus died in a campaign.
2. Only two guys in the group now, but he started to become very jealous of Caesar.
3.In 54 BC. Julia died, which meant Caesar had no commitment to Pompey.
4. Later on Pompey became Dictator for a while to stop riots in Rome.

Front 28

Dictator

Back 28

In a state of emergencies Dictators are assigned to run every part of government, usually during natural disaster or war times when leaders are fighting. usually last 6 months.

Front 29

Cisalpine Gaul

Back 29

(Northern Italy)- the part were the Gauls are on the Italian peninsula.

Front 30

Transalpine Gaul

Back 30

France- A lot of communities that are rich people, and a lot of jewels, pottery and other stuff, the place was very prosperous. Caesar campaigned in this area around 59 and 50 BC. He beats the Gauls, he conquered most of modern day France, Switzerland, Belgium and Germany, and of course all of Northern Italy. The attempts on Britain failed. cause of weather and double agents, who was “spying for Caesar in Britain” but it was backwards. He made tons of money campaigning in Gaul. lots of loot. Gaul becomes another roman Province.

Front 31

Latifundia

Back 31

Giant houses of the senators. Land and more Land.

Front 32

Appian Way

Back 32

earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic.

Front 33

Spartacus

Back 33

He was joined by slaves, poor people and farmers who have lost almost everything. Join in a rebellion.

Pompey and Crassus 71 BC. They stamp out the rebellion that Spartacus. 6,000 of the rebels were crucifying them. Pompey just killed 5,000 of them.

Front 34

Social War

Back 34

Italian allies (socii) who, denied the Roman franchise, fought for independence.Rebel dropouts get citizenship

Front 35

Proscription

Back 35

Can be killed by anyone for a reward; property confiscated by Rome

Front 36

Tax Farming

Back 36

a

Front 37

Publicans

Back 37

are tax collectors. Equites did this, and took all the money they could.

Front 38

Equites

Back 38

New Money

Front 39

Rubicon

Back 39

a

Front 40

soldiers loved Caesar

Back 40

He won the devotion of his men by showing them they are worth something, giving them equal things, calling comrade, letting them do what they want when they have completely succeeded.

Front 41

Ptolmey

Back 41

king of Egypt, brother of Cleopatra. he killed Pompey.

Front 42

Cleopatra

Back 42

Queen of Egypt after she killed her brother. Had a love affair with Julius Caesar, had a son, then married Marc Anthony. they had kids.

Front 43

Julius Caesar Dictator

Back 43

1. He had command of all the armies.

2. Control over all public money.

3. He has immunity from any Tribunes veto.

4. To injure him in any way was a capital crime.

5. he can choose who was in the senate, something that consuls do.

6. he can issue decrees and they are laws.

7. the right to nominate half of all the office holders.

8. He changed the calendar. rationalized it.

9. He handed out a lot of land to veterens and to poor Romans. In the Italian peninsula, he also sets up colonies for this same thing.

10. he started huge project but never finished. Public library, new temple to Jupiter, drain the marsh.

Front 44

Where Julius Messed up

Back 44

1. he was too trusting and to arrogant.

2. too nice to enemies. If he could make them into friends then he didn’t need to kill them.

3. he treated the ordinary people great, but forgot about the rich.

4. Adding not Roman people into the senate, into the rich club, Gauls and not even Italians.

5. He begans to act like a king. He had a gold chair in the senate.

6. He made the rich the enemies.

7. He kind of has a son not from Rome.

8. He also pisses them up by not letting people move up in the system when you and your family had It planned.

Front 45

Why was Caesar as dictator okay.

Back 45

1. he was not the first person to be a dictator, and not the first general to get power by abusing his army.

2. By 45 BC. People were tired of war, generals and armies. Political instability.

3. he was really popular with a lot of people, specially with handouts and other stuff.

4. by 45 BC it was obvious that the government does not work as good as it should.

Front 46

Caesarion

Back 46

Son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra.

King of Egypt with and after hi mother. he gets killed by Octavian. After Marc Antony's defeat.

Front 47

Marc Anthony's death and Cleopatra.

Back 47

The battle took place in the sea and took place near the Greek city of Actium. Cleopatra left him in the middle of battle since they were losing. After this Octavian goes to Egypt. Anthony commits suicide. Cleopatra also committed suicide, maybe by a snake bite.

Front 48

Gaius Ocatavius

Back 48

Nephew of Caesar. He is his successor. He lets Marc Anthony take control after his uncles death but get tires, and later on goes to war with Marc and becomes emperor. He wasn’t very tall. He was blondish hair, bad teeth, he was very skinny, educated. He did not like to show off, no fancy clothes, he dress differently, no fancy home, he liked to entertain, he really liked women. Loyal, he like to gamble and did not like to eat much, very superstitious. He was very intelligent.

Front 49

Marc Anthony

Back 49

On of Julius Caesar friends. He arranges Julius funeral. Anthony wanted to take over. He knew Lepidus and he gets with him so that he could take charge of Spain white Anthony gets Gaul. At first Anthony wanted to first make a deal with Julius killers. Letting them leave Italy and being okay with Anthony taking over. But it was not possible.

Front 50

Second Triumvirate

Back 50

Octavius, Marc Anthony and Lepidus. they were all buddies up to get power and control of Rome, but it soon ends.

Front 51

Gaius Octavius Military

Back 51

started to demand his share of power. He had an army on his disposal. Octavian wanted Anthony to give him his uncles lands back. But Anthony did not want to give it back.Octavian went to the senate, “he told them he'll fight Anthony to get rid of him. The senate agreed. Octavian wins over Anthony’s forces. Octavian went to the senate, “he told them hell fight Anthony to get rid of him. The senate agreed. Octavian wins over Anthony’s forces. Octavian brought his army into the city and “convinced” them.

Front 52

Lepidus

Back 52

In charge in Africa, more of Anthony's friend than Augustus.

Front 53

Octavian at war.

Back 53

In 32 B.C. Octavius decided is willing to support him, he calls on everyone on Italy, and makes them swear allegiance to him. Including Romans, Italian, allies. He decided he is ready to go against Anthony till the end.

Octavian tells people in Rome that if Anthony ended up winning, Rome would end up ruled Egypt.

Front 54

Brutus

Back 54

One of the main conspirators of Julius death.

fled to Macedonia

Front 55

Cassius

Back 55

One of the main conspirators of Julius death. fled to Macedonia

Front 56

Cicero

Back 56

One of the main conspirators of Julius death. fled to Macedonia. popular spokesman against Caesar.

Front 57

Pharsalus

Back 57

Where Caesar defeats Pompey

Front 58

Agrippa

Back 58

is a military leader and strategist. Responsible for a lot of Octavians wins against anothiny. 250% loyal.

Front 59

Actium

Back 59

Where Octavius kicked Marc Anthony's butt.

Front 60

Maecenas

Back 60

was another adviser, accountant, political adviser.

Front 61

Praetorian Guard

Back 61

Personal body guards of 9,000 people. Lead by Augustus, and completely loyal to Augustus.

Front 62

Vigiles

Back 62

3000 people, they are the people who put out fires or uprisings, they help the Praetorian Guard. Police and firefighter in one.

Front 63

Princeps

Back 63

First Citizen??

Front 64

basilica

Back 64

a

Front 65

aqueducts

Back 65

things that bring water to rome

Front 66

Sicily

Back 66

provinceof rome

Front 67

Sardinia

Back 67

province of rome

Front 68

Corsica

Back 68

province of rome

Front 69

Praetor

Back 69

Judge who helps with legal matters in provenances

Front 70

Quaestor

Back 70

Type of Public official who looked over financial of the state both in the republic an din the empire.

Front 71

Procurator

Back 71

An Equites, who was the financial officer in the provinces.

Front 72

Pro Consul

Back 72

Were the Equites.

Equites= Pro consuls= Money in Provinces

Front 73

Asia

Back 73

Turkey and Syria.

Front 74

Ephesus

Back 74

Ancient greek city

Front 75

Gallia Narbonensis

Back 75

ROman Province. Southern France, Northern Italy, Monaco.

Front 76

Aquitania

Back 76

roman province in Gaul or Northern France.

Front 77

Galba

Back 77

Governor of Spain. Friends with Otho buddies at frist. Galba did not keep the Patrorian guard happy with money so Otho killed him. took out Nero.

Front 78

Otho

Back 78

Governor of Lugdunensis (Portugal) . He and Galba took out Nero.

Front 79

Vitellius

Back 79

From Germany, did not like Otho, they went at it and Otho committed suicide. Emperor for 8 months. He was killed by Vespasian. people didn't like a non-roman as emperor.

Front 80

Vespasian

Back 80

Emperor on 69 A.D. Smart emperor. fought in Israel before being emperor. He restored political stability. he made the Colosseum. he was in power along with his family.

Front 81

Flavian Family

Back 81

Emperor Vespasian family. Two sons Titus and Domitian.

Front 82

Colosseum

Back 82

Built by Vespasian and Titus in 70 A.D.

Front 83

Domitian

Back 83

youngest son of Vespasian. 81-96 A.D. last ruler of the Flavian Family.

Front 84

Titus

Back 84

Oldest son of Vespasian. 79-81 A.D. emperor

Front 85

Lugdunnsis

Back 85

Name under the Roman Province. Portugal.

Front 86

Belgica

Back 86

Roman Province. Gaul. Belgium and Northern France.

Front 87

Pannonia

Back 87

Roman Province. Austria Hungary those areas.

Front 88

Honestiores

Back 88

Top of the local elite in cultures who try to Romanize -Special legal privliges (tax breaks, can't be executed w/o trial, appointment to important commands)

Front 89

Livia

Back 89

Augustus 3rd wife. She had a husband and he made her divorce him. she had a kid Tiberius.

Front 90

Tiberius

Back 90

Livia's son from previous marriage. Augustus heir on 4A.D . First Married to Vespania, but later had to divorce her in order to Marry Julia. He was a depressed men, because of Augustus. He drank a lot and he was very paranoid. He became an emperor because he didn't want to die.He meet with the senate regularly and wanted to get stuff done. but we was increasingly paranoid.

Front 91

Sejanus

Back 91

The head of the P Guard. he knew that Tiberius was very paranoid, so he used it for his advantage. He whispered in his ear and gained power. Tiberius killed a lot of people because of it. He gained even more power when Tiberius moved to Capri. But there Tiberius grew paranoid of Sejanus and sen tot kill him.

Front 92

Gaius/ Caligula/Little Boots

Back 92

Became Tiberius Heir. He was the third son of Germanicus. Horrible emperor. he pretended to be nice but at the end he wasn't. He liked to spend money, after 18 months he liked to kill people randomly. he like d to be worshiped as a god. he made people make him his heir. he pissed off the P Guard and they killed him.

Front 93

Claudius

Back 93

Nephew of Tiberius, but he was a special one. He was good looking, acted weird, he was drunk, but he was intelligent.He was better than Tiberius and Caligula. Sympathetic to the poor. He conquered Britain and Romania.

Front 94

Ostia

Back 94

Refurnished by Claudius. The main port of Rome. the Tiber river was bad to it. Main food trading center in Rome.

Front 95

Thace

Back 95

Roman province. now Romania.

Front 96

Claudius married life

Back 96

Good emperor, but his married life sucked, his wife was a whore (Mesilina). They had a kid Britannicus. he divorced her and killed her. 2nd wife, was another mistake she already had a son, Nero. Claudius made him his heir instead of his son , and soon enough he died by poison. 54 A.D.

Front 97

Nero

Back 97

He along with his mom and the P Guard were emperor. at 17 yrs old he was still "finding himself" his mom killed Britannicus. He got rid of corrupt governors, he started to hunt "those hated Christians." not a lot of them.

Front 98

Nero's dark side

Back 98

56 A.D. he was tires of doing what he was told to do. He reinvented himself as an artist of every kind. Chariot racing. Musician that made people hear his music. He killed his mom since she was objecting to his dream. he started to get in costume and rob people at night. he killed 2 of his wife and a really nice tutor of his by making do suicide. spent a lot of money, made another palace. he probably set hole neighborhoods on fire to build his palace in 64 A.D. Money Problem. house burning christian problems. he killed for money, property. he deluded the metal coins. there were a lot of rebellion in Britain and by Jews. In 68 A.D. he committed Suicide.

Front 99

Humiliores.

Back 99

Humble people; regular ppl-No privliges -can join aux army