Exam 2

Front 1

1. school choice

Back 1

Allows parents to send their children to any public school in a particular area; competition is among public schools only, not between public and private schools

Front 2

2. high stakes testing

Back 2

Describes standardized testing; high requirements for state, students, price for failure

Front 3

3. no child left behind

Back 3

Act that required all schools do some standardized testing to measure children’s progress

Front 4

AFDC

Back 4

Aid to Families with Dependent Children; originally oversaw welfare system before it was reformed in PRWORA

Front 5

TANF

Back 5

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; deals with the poverty of all individuals who happen to fall below a certain income level, or have no income at all.

Front 6

8. PRWORA

Back 6

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996; oversees the welfare program, provides support to low-income individuals

Front 7

9. SSI

Back 7

Supplemental Security Income; benefit program for low-income individuals who are at least 65 years old or disabled; Social Security income, which is what benefits retirees get after the age of 65

Front 8

10. Medicare

Back 8

Program intended to help senior citizens (sixty five and older) meet basic health care needs.

Front 9

11. Medicaid

Back 9

Specialized healthcare program for the poor and disabled

Front 10

12. unemployment rates

Back 10

natural, current: 4-6% in the US

Front 11

13. School finance

Back 11

The amount of funding available, the way those funds are allocated, and the resources they provide are indicators of our collective hopes and priorities for public education.

Front 12

14. property tax

Back 12

Primarily responsible for funding public education

Front 13

16. 1996 Welfare Reform

Back 13

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act(PRWORA) of 1996 was passed, replaced AFDC; had no more of “Benefit w/ no strings attached”

Front 14

17. SCHIP

Back 14

State Children’s Health Insurance Program; helps to ensure that children living in poverty have medical coverage

Front 15

fiscal policy

Back 15

The sum of all taxation and spending policy

Front 16

19. monetary policy

Back 16

Deals w/ economic fluctuations by controlling the amount of money in circulation(money supply)

Front 17

20. health insurance coverage in the US (who has it, who doesn't)

Back 17

Most people who have it have employer-sponsored, private health insurance; mostly elderly aren’t covered

Front 18

21. ERISA

Back 18

Allows individuals to sue health insurance companies for infringing on patient rights(denial of right to see a specialist, have medical treatment argue that they should be able to inquire into financial arrangements

Front 19

Inflation

Back 19

Increase in the cost of goods and services

Front 20

single payer system

Back 20

National health insurance; the government pays for it, everyone benefits

Front 21

24. public option

Back 21

health insurance plan financed entirely by premiums, to provide citizens not covered by employer or other state insurance plans an option for health insurance that would compete with private insurers.

Front 22

fee for service health care

Back 22

Patient/insurance company, pays for medical service rendered

Front 23

health maintenance organization

Back 23

Orgs designed to reduces Medicare costs, as opposed to fee-for-service; promote health services that are the most cost effective(regular physicals, certain medical screening test, limits access to costly services and specialists, negotiates lower fees with health care providers)

Front 24

27. prospective payment system

Back 24

A payment mechanism for reimbursing hospitals for inpatient health care services in which a predetermined rate is set for treatment of specific illnesses. The system was originally developed by the U.S. federal government for use in treatment of Medicare recipients.

Front 25

28. measuring inequality

Back 25

Measured in terms of fairness considering resource distribution, more equal resource distribution

Front 26

29. tax equity

Back 26

Refers to fairness of tax system; if people who make the same amount of money pay the same amount in taxes(horizontal equity); if people w/different income levels pay different amounts in taxes(vertical equity)

Front 27

30. regressive tax

Back 27

Applies same rate of taxation to all individuals regardless of their income or socioeconomic standing

Front 28

31. progressive tax

Back 28

Higher earnershigher taxes

Front 29

US role in higher education policy

Back 29

Primarily, the federal government has taken a role in higher education, as people going to college are positive externalities; spends billions in research grants, scholarships, loans, etc.

Front 30

33. sales tax

Back 30

Considered a regressive tax; some states use sales tax to fund schools according to need

Front 31

financing schools

Back 31

Schools a usually financed local property taxes

Front 32

35. charter schools

Back 32

Government supported, but independent; a state board of education gives an independent entity the responsibility of establishing a school and delivering education services with limited control by the school board.

Front 33

school vouchers

Back 33

The government provides a certain dollar amount that parents can then apply to private or parochial school tuition or as part of the full cost of a public school education

Front 34

deserving poor

Back 34

Disabled, elderly, unfit to work

Front 35

39. undeserving poor

Back 35

Capable of working

Front 36

40. Medicare tax

Back 36

Similar to a social security tax; like a payroll deductions

Front 37

41. SSI tax

Back 37

Described as a payroll tax paid across generations (young to old)

Front 38

42. equity of SSI

Back 38

Touches on how much should be protection should be promised, should be be forced into the program, consequences of it being voluntary