Exam 2

Front 1

Sanctions

Back 1

Can be considered consequences of the actions a person makes. It is a form of external control.

Front 2

Norms

Back 2

Are expectations and values of a person

There are 4 types; Folkways, Taboo, Mores, & Laws

Front 3

Deviance

Back 3

Actions that go against social norms. People who are deviant are labeled as criminals usually.

Front 4

Stigma

Back 4

Goffman. An attribute, behavior, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way: It causes an individual to be mentally classified by others in an undesirable, rejected stereotype rather than in an accepted,

Front 5

Differential Association

Back 5

Differential association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. Is related to deviance.

Front 6

Control Theory

Back 6

Two control systems—inner controls and outer controls—work against our tendencies to deviate.

Front 7

Strain Theory

Back 7

Robert K. Merton. The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream) though they lack the means, this leads to strain which may lead the individuals to commit crimes.

Front 8

Illegitimate Oppurtunities Theory

Back 8

Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. Individuals committing crimes when the chances of being caught are low. Crime results not from limited legit opportunities.

Front 9

Labeling

Back 9

Leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. Originating in Howard Becker. Labeling theory explains why people's behavior clashes with social norms.

Front 10

Techniques of Neutralization

Back 10

Those who commit illegitimate acts temporarily neutralize certain values within themselves which would normally prohibit them from carrying out such acts.

Front 11

Social Bonds

Back 11

Travis Warner Hirschi. The binding ties or social bonding to the family. Social bond also includes social bonding to the school, to the workplace and to the community.

Front 12

Symbolic Interactions

Back 12

Theory analyzes society by addressing the subjective meanings that people impose on objects, events, and behaviors.

Front 13

Conflict Theory

Back 13

Karl Marx. Claims society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources. It holds that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity.

Front 14

Structural Functionalism

Back 14

Theory that attempts to explain why society functions the way it does by focusing on the relationships between the various social institutions that make up society (e.g., government, law, education, religion, etc).

Front 15

Total Institution

Back 15

Erving Goffman. A place of work and residence where a great number of similarly situated people, cut off from the wider community for a considerable time, lead an enclosed, formally administered life together.

Front 16

Shaming

Back 16

Shows that the community disagrees with the behavior but then allows the person to come “back into the community of law-abiding or respectable citizens through words or gestures of forgiveness”.

Front 17

Demographic Variables

Back 17

Personal statistics that include such information as income level, gender, educational level, location, ethnicity, race, and family size.

Front 18

Micro Sociology

Back 18

Concerning the nature of everyday human social interactions and agency on a small scale: face to face.

Front 19

Macro Socio.

Back 19

Which emphasizes the analysis of social systems and populations on a large scale, at the level of social structure, and often at a necessarily high level of theoretical abstraction. Microsociology, by contrast, focuses on the individual social agency.

Front 20

Role Strain

Back 20

The stress or strain experienced by an individual when incompatible behavior, expectations, or obligations are associated with a single social role.

Front 21

Role Conflict

Back 21

A situation in which a person is expected to play two incompatible roles. For example, a boss will suffer role conflict if forced to fire an employee who is also a close friend.

Front 22

Ascribed Status

Back 22

The social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. It is a position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned.

Front 23

Achieved Status

Back 23

Ralph Linton. A social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen.

Front 24

Master Status

Back 24

The social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual.

Front 25

Status Set

Back 25

Robert K. Merton. A collection of social statuses that an individual holds. A person may have status of a daughter, wife, mother, student, worker, church member and a citizen.

Front 26

Social Space

Back 26

Physical or virtual space such as a social center, online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact. Some social spaces such as town squares or parks are public places; others such as pubs, websites. or shopping malls are privately owned and regulated.

Front 27

Bio. Socio. Explanation of Deviance

Back 27

Mental Health, Monkey See Monkey Do, Think It Is Ok Bc Others Do It

Front 28

Social Institution

Back 28

A system of behavioral and relationship patterns that are densely interwoven and enduring, and function across an entire society.

Front 29

Impression Managment

Back 29

a conscious or subconscious process in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event. They do so by regulating and controlling information in social interaction.

Front 30

Dramaturgy

Back 30

Goffman. A sense of who one is, a dramatic effect emerging from the immediate scene being presented.