Exam 2

Front 1

skeleton

Back 1

is more than a supporting framework for the soft tissues of the body

Front 2

chondroblasts

Back 2

are cells that produce the matrix of cartilage

Front 3

chondrocytes

Back 3

once they become encased within the matrix they have produced and secreted, the cells

Front 4

lacunae

Back 4

occupy small spaces

Front 5

articulations

Back 5

joints -- where two bones meet

Front 6

interstitial growth

Back 6

growth along the cartilages outside edge, or periphery

Front 7

bone connective tissue

Back 7

the bones of the skeleton are complex, dynamic organs containing all tissue types, primary component, also called osseous connective tissue

Front 8

calcification

Back 8

the matrix of bone connective tissue is sturdy and rigid due to deposition of minerals in the matrix, also called mineralization

Front 9

hemopoiesis

Back 9

the process of blood cell production

Front 10

red bone marrow

Back 10

blood cells are produced in a connective tissue, located in some spongy bone

Front 11

yellow bone marrow

Back 11

as children mature into adults, much of the red bone marrow degenerates and turns into a fatty tissue

Front 12

long bones

Back 12

have a greater length than width

Front 13

short bones

Back 13

have a leangth nearly equal to their width

Front 14

flat bones

Back 14

are so named because they are flat, thin surfaces

Front 15

irregular bone

Back 15

have elaborate complex shapes and do not fit into any of the preceding categories

Front 16

diaphysis

Back 16

one of the principal gross features of a long bone is its shaft

Front 17

epiphysis

Back 17

at each end of a long bone is an expanded, knobby region

Front 18

proximal epiphysis

Back 18

is the end farthest from the trunk

Front 19

metaphysis

Back 19

is the region in a mature bone sandwiched between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Front 20

epiphyseal line

Back 20

in adults the remnant of the epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of compact bone

Front 21

articular cartilage

Back 21

the thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis at a joint surface

Front 22

medullary cavity

Back 22

the hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis (marrow cavity)

Front 23

endosteum

Back 23

is an incomplete layer of cells that covers all internal surfaces of the bone, such as the medullary cavity

Front 24

periosteum

Back 24

tough sheath, covers the outer surface of the bone except for the areas covered by articular cartilage

Front 25

perforating fibers

Back 25

the periosteum is anchored to the bone by numerous strong collegen fibers

Front 26

osteoprogenitor cells

Back 26

are stem cells derived from mesenchyme

Front 27

osteoblast

Back 27

are formed from osteoprogenitor stem cells

Front 28

osteoid

Back 28

they secrete the initial semisold, organic form of bone matrix

Front 29

osteocyte

Back 29

are mature bone cells derived from the osteoblasts that have become entrapped in the matrix they sevreted

Front 30

lacunae

Back 30

they reside in small spaces within the matrix

Front 31

osteoclasts

Back 31

are large, multinuclear, phagocytotic cells

Front 32

resorption lacuna

Back 32

an osteoclast is often located within or adjacent to a depression or pit on the bone surface

Front 33

bone resorption

Back 33

osteoclasts are involved in an important process

Front 34

hydroxyapatite

Back 34

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interct to form crystals Ca10

Front 35

compact bone

Back 35

connective tissue that are present in most of the bones