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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dorsolateral pons
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REM sleep, Cholinergic Neurons
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basolateral forebrain (nucleus basalis)
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activates cerebral cortex, facilitates learning, Cholinergic Neurons
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medial septum
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controls rhythm in hippocampus, modulates memory formation, Cholinergic Neurons
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acteylcholine
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first neuron discovered (in pns), most studied, produced by combing w/lipid breakdown product choline with acetyl-coA (made in the mitochondria)
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ionotropic
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directly linked, nicotinic AChRs (fast)
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metabotropic
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indirectly linked, muscarinic AChRs (slow)
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muscles contain..
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nicotinic AChRs (essential for rapid transmitter action at neuromuscular junction!)
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CNS contains...
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both nictonic and muscarinic AChRs, mostly muscarinic AChRs, nicotinic AChRs tend to be found at axoaxonic synapses
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acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
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inactivates AhC after it is released. (breaks it into acetate and choline)
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choline re-uptake
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choline is transported back into the presynaptic terminal for local synthesis of ACh.
-vital bc axonal transport of choline from cell body is slow! -efficiency of ~50% (about half of what is released is recovered) |
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Hemicholinium
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drug that inhibits the reuptake of choline.
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botulinum toxin (botox)
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prevents release of ACh, blocks muscle excitation. Affects cholinergic transmission.
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tetanus toxin
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prevents release of glycine & GABA, blocks inhibitory transmission resulting in excess ACh signals. Affects cholinergic transmission.
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black widow spider venom
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stimulates ACh release, less toxic but can be fatal in infants and elderly. Affects cholinergic transmission.
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acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE inhibitors)
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-prolong effects of ACh release by preventing its breakdown.
-USed as insecticides, used medically to relieve symptoms of myasthenia gravis (auto-immune)--neostigine (can't cross blood-brain barrier) -Used as biological weapons. -reuptake inhibitors prevents recycling of choline at synaptic button/terminal result, less release of ACh (hemicholinium) |
