Exam 2

Front 1

Clinical decision making

Back 1

Problem-solving approach that nurses use to define patient problems and select appropriate treatment.

Front 2

Concept map

Back 2

Care-planning tool that assists in critical thinking and forming associations between a patient's nursing diagnoses and interventions.

Front 3

critical thinking

Back 3

Active, purposeful, organized, cognitive process used to carefully examine one's thinking and the thinking of other individuals.

Front 4

Decision making

Back 4

Process involving critical appraisal of information that results from recognizing a problem and ends with generating, testing, and evaluating a conclusion. Comes at the end of critical thinking.

Front 5

Diagnostic reasoning

Back 5

Process that enables an observer to assign meaning to and classify phenomena in clinical situations by integrating observations and critical thinking.

Front 6

Database

Back 6

Store or bank of information, especially in a form that can be processed by computer.

Front 7

Functional health patterns

Back 7

Method for organizing assessment data based on the level of patient function in specific areas (e.g., mobility).

Front 8

Nursing health history

Back 8

Data collected about a patient's present level of wellness, changes in life patterns, sociocultural role, and mental and emotional reactions to illness.

Front 9

Objective data

Back 9

Information that can be observed by others; free of feelings, perceptions, prejudices.

Front 10

Open-ended question

Back 10

Form of question that prompts a respondent to answer in more than one or two words.

Front 11

Subjective data

Back 11

Information gathered from patient statements; the patient's feelings and perceptions. Not verifiable by another except by inference.

Front 12

Validation

Back 12

Act of confirming, verifying, or corroborating the accuracy of assessment data or the appropriateness of the care plan.

Front 13

Diagnostic reasoning

Back 13

Process involving critical appraisal of information that results from recognizing a problem and ends with generating, testing, and evaluating a conclusion. Comes at the end of critical thinking.

Front 14

Evidence-based knowledge

Back 14

Knowledge that is derived from the integration of best research, clinical expertise, and patient values.

Front 15

Inference

Back 15

(1) Judgment or interpretation of informational cues. (2) Taking one proposition as a given and guessing that another proposition follows.

Front 16

Nursing process

Back 16

Systematic problem-solving method by which nurses individualize care for each patient. The five steps of the nursing process are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Front 17

Problem solving

Back 17

Methodical, systematic approach to explore conditions and develop solutions, including analysis of data, determination of causative factors, and selection of appropriate actions to reverse or eliminate the problem.

Front 18

Reflection

Back 18

Process of thinking back or recalling an event to discover the meaning and purpose of that event. Useful in critical thinking.

Front 19

Scientific method

Back 19

Codified sequence of steps used in the formulation, testing, evaluation, and reporting of scientific ideas.

Front 20

Assessment

Back 20

First step of the nursing process. Activities required in the first step are data collection, validation, sorting, and documentation. The purpose is to gather information for health problem identification.

Front 21

closed-ended question

Back 21

Form of question that limits a respondent's answer to one or two words.

Front 22

actual nursing diagnosis

Back 22

Judgment that is clinically validated by the presence of major defining characteristics.

Front 23

consultation

Back 23

Process in which the help of a specialist is sought to identify ways to handle problems in patient management or in planning and implementing programs.

Front 24

critical pathways

Back 24

Tools used in managed care that incorporate the treatment interventions of caregivers from all disciplines who normally care for a patient. Designed for a specific care type, a pathway is used to manage the care of a patient throughout a projected length of stay.

Front 25

planning

Back 25

Process of designing interventions to achieve the goals and outcomes of health care delivery.

Front 26

Scientific rationale

Back 26

scientific rationale
Reason why a specific nursing action was chosen based on supporting literature.

Front 27

Activities of daily living

Back 27

activities of daily living (ADLs)
Activities usually performed in the course of a normal day in the patient's life such as eating, dressing, bathing, brushing the teeth, or grooming.

Front 28

adverse reaction

Back 28

Any harmful, unintended effect of a medication, diagnostic test, or therapeutic intervention.

Front 29

counseling

Back 29

Problem-solving method used to help patients recognize and manage stress and enhance interpersonal relationships. It helps patients examine alternatives and decide which choices are most helpful and appropriate.

Front 30

implementation

Back 30

Initiation and completion of the nursing actions necessary to help the patient achieve health care goals.

Front 31

instrumental activities of daily living

Back 31

Activities necessary for independence in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring, and toileting; include such skills as shopping, preparing meals, banking, and taking medications.

Front 32

nursing intervention

Back 32

Any treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge that a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes.

Front 33

collaborative problem

Back 33

Physiological complication that requires the nurse to use nursing- and health care provider–prescribed interventions to maximize patient outcomes.

Front 34

preventive nursing actions

Back 34

Nursing actions directed toward preventing illness and promoting health to avoid the need for primary, secondary, or tertiary health care.

Front 35

standing order

Back 35

Written and approved documents containing rules, policies, procedures, regulations, and orders for the conduct of patient care in various stipulated clinical settings.

Front 36

evaluation

Back 36

Determination of the extent to which established patient goals have been achieved.

Front 37

standard of care

Back 37

Minimum level of care accepted to ensure high-quality care to patients. Standards of care define the types of therapies typically administered to patients with defined problems or needs.

Front 38

Data cluster

Back 38

Set of signs or symptoms that are grouped together in logical order.

Front 39

defining characteristics

Back 39

Related signs and symptoms or clusters of data that support the nursing diagnosis.

Front 40

Etiology

Back 40

Study of all factors that may be involved in the development of a disease.

Front 41

medical diagnosis

Back 41

Formal statement of the disease entity or illness made by the physician or health care provider.

Front 42

Nursing diagnosis

Back 42

Formal statement of an actual or potential health problem that nurses can legally and independently treat; the second step of the nursing process, during which the patient's actual and potential unhealthy responses to an illness or condition are identified.

Front 43

related factor

Back 43

Any condition or event that accompanies or is linked with the patient's health care problem.

Front 44

risk nursing diagnosis

Back 44

Describes human responses to health conditions/life processes that may develop in a vulnerable individual, family, or community.

Front 45

collaborative interventions

Back 45

Therapies that require the knowledge, skill, and expertise of multiple health care professionals.