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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Conceptual Hypothesis? |
is a statement about the expected relationship between conceptual variables. |
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What is Operational Hypothesis? |
is the definition of the concept being tested. |
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What is an independent variable? |
the cause
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what is the dependent variable? |
the consequences of the independent variable |
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What is agency? |
is the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. |
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What did C. Wright Mills do? |
*he questioned which social institutions power elite belong to *Macro-Perspective *he said that the power elite are in positions to make decisions having major consequences. *he claimed that religious, educational, and family institutions are not national centers of powers. *he claimed that family and religion adapt to the modern life which governments, armies, and operations shape. *he believed that power elites are soldiery rulers. |
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What did Emille Durkheim do? |
*Le Suicide *Scientific study of religion(good example of sociological imagination) *Suicide rates among catholics and protestants *Talked about the four types of suicide *had a sturctural functionalist approach (mechanical solidarity) |
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What is social structure? |
arrangements of systems in which people in a society interact |
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What is being sociologically mindful? |
Being aware of limitations in sources of knowledge. |
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What are three strengths of social research? |
*Help to minimize personal bias *reach beyond personal experience *check up on one another to create knowledge that is valid and reliable |
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What is validity? |
you are measuring what you want to measure |
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What is reliability? |
whether the measure you developed is consistent |
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What is qualitative research? |
in-depth information |
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What are the strengths and limitations of interviews? |
Strengths: a lot of personal information, finding themes and agency Weaknesses: no generalizations, a lot of work |
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What is charles cooleys "looking glass self? |
a personal view or image of themselves based on what they think at what they think other people think
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What is self? |
individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person |
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What is "others"? |
other peoples and their roles
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What are roles? |
limitation, play, games |
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What are generalized orders? |
total expectations of others in various settings regardless of whether we encountered these people or places before |
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What is femination of migration? |
"gendered patterns" in international migration, meaning there is a trend of a higher percentage of women among voluntary migrants |
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What is absolute poverty? |
minimum requirements necessary to live |
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What is relative poverty? |
being poor is compared with the standards of living of the majority |
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What is working poor? |
although people work, earnings are not good enough to lift them above the poverty line. |
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What is feminization of poverty? |
increase in the proportion of the poor who are women. |
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What is the culture of poverty? |
the argument that poor people adopt certain practices and value systems that are different from mainstream society in order to survive in difficult economic circumstances. |
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What is dependency culture? |
poor people rely on government welfare provision rather than entering the labor market |
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How do structural functionalism look at poverty? |
analyze inequality as a necessary aspect of society (how society works) |
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How do conflict theorists look at poverty? |
argue that inequality exists at the expense of less powerful groups |
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How do symbolic interactionism look at poverty? |
Stratification affects peoples beliefs, lifestyles daily interaction, and how they perceive themselves. |
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What does macro sociological study allow people to do? |
*see a big picture of what is going on *to write and examine hypotheses |
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what does micro sociology study allow people to do? |
to understand peoples perceptions, emphasis on agency |
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What is a spurious relationship? |
is a mathematically relationship in which two events or variables have no direct casual connection, yet it may be wrongly inferred that they do, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor. |
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What is reverse casuality? |
allowing an effect to occur before its cause.
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What is pluralism? |
is when there is more than one authority in power |
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What is the egoistic suicide? |
lack of social integration |
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What is the altruistic type of suicide? |
strong integration over self interests? |
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What is anomic suicide? |
normless due to rapid social change breaking down cultural norms |
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What is the fatalistic type of suicide? |
excessive regulations and oppression.
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What is deviance? |
behaviors or trait that violates expected norms. |
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What is a stigma? |
negative social label |
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What is stigma management? |
the process through which discreditable individuals control information about themselves so as to manage their social identity. |
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What is racial group? |
physical differences that have taken on social significance. |
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What is ethnic group? |
distinctive cultural patterns
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What are minority groups? |
subordinate group whose member have significantly less control or power over their own lives. |
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What is essentialism (biological determinism)? |
differences come from natural selection |
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What is sec role theory? |
is influencing gender differentiated behavior in families |
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What is the feminist psychoanalytic analysis approach? |
how gendered personality develops as a result of exclusively female mothering |
