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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A social position that a person holds.
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Status
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All of the statuses a person holds
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Status Set
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Assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life, without regard to talents or abilities
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Ascribed Status
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Voluntarily achieved through abilities and efforts
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Achieved Status
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Special importance for social identity, often shaping a persons life and determining a persons general position within society
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Master Status
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Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status
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Role
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A number of roles attached to a single status
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Role Set
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Disagreement among two or more statuses
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Role Conflict
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Tension among a single status
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Role Strain
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Process by which people disengage from important social standings
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Role Exit
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Process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction
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Social Construction of Reality
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Distinct identity that sets us apart from others
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Self
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Situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences
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Thomas Theorem (aka Definition of a Situation)
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The study of how people make sense of their everyday surroundings
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Ethnomethodology (i.e. facing back of elevator)
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Study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
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Dramaturgy
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A persons efforts to create specific impressions in minds of others
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Presentation of self (Impression Management)
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The way we act and carry ourselves
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Demeanor
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Discomfort after a spoiled performance
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Embarrassment
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Helping someone 'save face'
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Tact
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Underlying social patterns that constrain individual action
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Structure (Physical/Biological/Social)
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Social structure exists at three levels:
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Macro(class, gender, race)
Meso(govt, corporations, religion) Micro(marriage, small groups) |
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Elements of structure
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Language, Roles, Norms, Culture
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Individual action that is purposeful and independent of constraints of structure
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Agency
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'Death of the Subject'
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Individual doesn't matter
No agency Individual doesn't exist w/o society |
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Four steps in the social construction of reality
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Externalization (transfer of individual meanings)
Objectification (take internalizations as objective) Internalization (internalization) Reification** |
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To forget that what we take as reality is a human product
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Reification
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Forces and processes that encourage conformity
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Social control
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Norm violations that exceed social tolerance
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Deviance
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A condition where members of society have different amounts of wealth
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Social inequality
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When society ranks people in a hierarchy, perpetuates unequal economic rewards
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Social stratification
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Social stratification based on both birth and achievement
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Class system
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Social stratification based on personal merit
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Meritocracy
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A change in position within the social hierarchy
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Social mobility
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A composite based on various dimensions of social inequality
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Socioeconomic Status
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