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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EPIDERMIS |
OUTERMOST LAYER PROTECTS AGAINST PATHOGENS, ULTRAVIOLET, AND EXCESSIVE WATER LOSS |
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DERMIS |
MIDDLE LAYER REGULATES TEMPERATURE AND SUPPLIES NUTRIENT SATURATED BLOOD |
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HYPODERMIS |
BELOW DERMIS INSULATES AND SERVES AS PADDING |
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SEROUS MEMBRANE
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LINES BODY CAVITIES (PERITONEUM) AND SURROUNDS ORGANS SUCH AS THE LUNGS AND HEART
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MUCOUS MEMBRANES |
TISSUES THAT LINE BODY CAVITIES OR CANALS SUCH AS THROAT, NOSE, MOUTH, URETHRA, RECTUM, AND VAGINA |
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CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE |
IS THE SKIN
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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE |
LINES CAVITIES OF JOINTS, AND TENDONS |
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STRATUM BASALE |
INNER LAYER OF EPIDERMIS |
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STRATUM CORNEUM |
OUTER LAYER OF EPIDERMIS NO NUCLEUS |
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ECCRINE GLANDS |
MAJOR SWEAT GLANDS OCCURS ALL OVER BODY |
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APOCRINE GLANDS |
LOCATED IN ARM PITS AND GENITALS RESPONDS TO STRESS AND AROUSAL |
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MELANOCYTES |
ARE MELANIN PRODUCING CELLS LOCATED IN EPIDERMIS |
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM |
(STEPS) BACTERIA PROTECTS EXCRETION TEMPERATURE SENSORY PERCEPTION SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN D DEFENDS AGAINST BACTERIA AND VIRUSES |
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RED MARROW |
FOUND MAINLY IN THE HOLLOW CAVITIES OF FLAT BONES AND SPONGY BONE AREA OF LONG BONES.
PRODUCES RED BLOOD CELLS, PLATELETS AND MOST WHITE BLOOD CELLS |
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YELLOW MARROW |
FOUND IN HOLLOW INTERIOR OF THE MIDDLE PORTION IN LONG BONES |
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COMPACT BONE |
FORMS THE WALL AND SURFACE OF DIAPHYSIS
TIGHTLY PACKED |
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SPONGY BONE |
INFERIOR OF SMALL BONES,
CONSIST OF BONY COLUMNS AND SPACES FILLED WITH RED MARROW |
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diaphysis. |
long center portion of long bones composed of compact bone, forming the medullary cavity. |
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spongy bone |
Porous area inside the epiphysis that contains the red marrow. |
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compact bone |
Dense bone tissue that is hard and ridgid, |
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articular cartilage |
slippery, and tough Cartilage that covers the articulating ends of bones. |
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periosteum |
membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones except at the joints of long bones |
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endosteum |
layer that lines the surface of the bony tissue |
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medullary cavity |
is the central cavity of bone where red and yellow marrow are stored |
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epiphyseal disk |
where continued growth in length occurs |
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epiphyseal line |
once the epiphyseal disk stops growing it becomes the epiphyseal line |
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***Discuss the roles of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in regulating blood calcium levels.**** |
parathyroid hormone is secreted to increase osteoclast activity which increases blood calcium
calcitonin is released when blood calcium is high. causes deposits of calcium in bone matrix and that causes kidneys to release calcium in urine
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OSTEOCYTE |
MATURE BONE CELLS |
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OSTEOBLAST |
FORMS CELLS |
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CHONDROBLASTS |
CARTILAGE FORMING CELLS |
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OSTEOCLASTS |
REMOVES CELLS |
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BONE CLASSIFICATION |
1. SHAPE LONG BONES-FEMUR SHORT BONES-TARSALS FLAT BONES-CRANIAL IRREGULAR-VERTEBRA SESAMOID-PATELLA
2. TEXTURE COMPACT SPONGY
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AXIAL SKELETON |
BONES ALONG CHEST |
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON |
UPPER AND LOWE EXTREMETIES |
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ENODCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION |
CARTILAGE IS PRESENT. all other bones |
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INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION |
cartilage is NOT present flat bones |
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LIGAMENT |
FIBROUS TISSUE THAT CONNECTS BONES |
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FUNCTIONS OF BONES |
SUPPORT PROTECTION MOVEMENT BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION MINERAL STORAGE
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Place the events at the neuromuscular junction in the order in which they occur: |
1.1. Release of acetylcholine (ACh) into synaptic cleft |
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ISOMETRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
MUSCLE STAYS THE SAME WHEN USING FORCE |
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ISOTONIC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS |
MUSCLE PULLS OR SHORTENS WITH FORCE |
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TENSION |
THE FORCE OF CONTRACTION |
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT MUSCLE TENSION |
1. The number of muscle fibers |
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CARIDAC MUSCLE |
HEART HAS MYOCARDIUM IN IT STRIATED INVOLUNTARY MOVES 1 OR 2 NUCLEI PER CELL |
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SMOOTH MUSCLE |
NO STRIATIONS 1 NUCLEI PER CELL INVOLUNTARY MOVES
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SKELETAL MUSCLE |
ATTACHED TO BONE VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT STRIATIONS, MULTIPLE NUCLEI IN CELLS |
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FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS |
BREAKS DOWN ATP QUICKLY LESS MITOCHONDRIAS ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION LESS BLOOD VESSELS FATIGUE STORES A LOT OF GLYCOGEN
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SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS |
BREAKS ATP SLOW A LOT OF MITOCHONDRIA AEROBIC RESPIRATION A LOT OF BLOOD A LOT OF OXYGEN STORES LITTLE GLUCOSE FATIGUE SLOWLY |
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FUNCTIONS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM |
MOVEMENT POSTURE JOINT STABILITY HEAT PRODUCTION |
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SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR MUSCLE CONTRACITONS |
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE CREATINE PHOSPHATE AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION |
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LAMELLA |
HOLLOW TUBES OF BONE MATRIX (LIKE A TREE TRUNK) |
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VOLKMANN CANAL |
Horizontal canals of the Osteon which connect the Periosteum to the Haversian canal |
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OSTEON |
HAVERSIAN SYSTEM The basic structural unit of compact bone |
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OSTEONIC CANAL |
Allows blood vessels and nerves to pass HAVERSIAN SYSTEM |
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LUCUNAE |
HOLLOW SPACE BETWEEN THE LAMELLAE OF THE OSTEON |
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CANALICULI |
TINY CANALS THAT CONNECTS THE LACUNAE TO EACH OTHER ALLOWS OSTEOCYTE EXTENSION TO PASS THRU |
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MATRIX |
serves as a storehouse for various minerals |
