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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 purposes of the immune system?
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1. To defend body against invasion/infection by foreign substances
2. To destroy cells that are abnml/damaged |
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What are the 2 categories of immune response?
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1. Excessive Immune response
2. Deficient immune response |
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What type of immune response is when the immune system is overfunctioning/hyperfunctioning?
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Excessive Immune Response
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What would be an example of an Excessive immune repsonse?
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autoimmunity and hypersensitivity disorders
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What type of immune response is ineffective d/t disease-causing genotypes or secondary acquired dysfunction?
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Deficient immune response
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What are some examples of deficient immune response disorders? (3)
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Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID), DiGeorge syndrome, selective IgA deficiency
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What is a foreign susbtance causing infx?
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Antigen
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What is the etiologic process of abnml excessive immune response toward self?
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Autoimmunity
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What genetic factors play a role in development of excessive immune response?
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major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, environmental factors, familial tendencies, glucocorticoid resistance in target tissues
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Which theory explains self intolerance of autoimmune disease?
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no single theory. Polygenic. multifactorial
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What is it called when the immune system recognizeds a person's own cells as foreign and mounts an immune response that injures self tissues? this is failure to self tolerance.
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Autoimmunity
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What complexes mediate autoimmunity?
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Type II (cutotoxic) and immune-complex hypersensitivity mechanisms
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Name 2 autoimmune d/o also considered hypersensitivity rx.
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Myasthenia gravis and immune ocmplex glomerulonephritis
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What does this describe? Self tolerance is lost and there is a reaction between self antigens and immune system. This causes dysregulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, cytokines, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 in dendritic cells
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Autoimmune disease
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How does an Adaptive immune response result?
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It is the responsibility of antigen-specific T cells and B cells
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Where do T cells and B cells learn to identify self?
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in thymus and bone marrow
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Which theory does this describe? There is similarity between certain molecular segments of foreign antigens (epitopes) and person's own cells allow certain viruses and bacteria to look like "self" and slip by immune system defenses = infx stimulates immune response and self cells with similar molecular segments fit lymphocyte receptors.
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Antigen mimicry theory
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This is when self/foreign antigens are made of the same materials, so small alterations in self tissue lead to attack
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Antigen mimicry theory
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When self antigens are isolated from immune system w/in an organ during neonatal period = not in contact w/antigen-processing during embryonic period
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Release of sequestered antigens
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What are the T-cell theories?
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Thymus gland defects, Decreased suppressor T-cell fx, Altered T helper fx
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What are the B cell theories?
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B cells lose responsiveness to suppressor T-cell message, Extrinsic/intrinsic factors cause autoantibody production and increase in # of activity of B cells
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