Exam 2

Front 1

types of adoption

Back 1

transracial adoptions, inter-country adoptions,
open adoptions, Closed adoptions

Front 2

transracial aodptions

Back 2

forbids child welfare agencies from delaying or denying a child’s foster care or adoption on the basis of race, color, or national origin;

Front 3

open adoptions

Back 3

the practice of sharing information and maintain contact between the biological and adoptive parents throughout the child’s life

Front 4

closed adoptions

Back 4

records of adoption are kept sealed, the birth parent is not involved in the adoptee’s life and the child has no contact with the biological parents or little, if any, information about them

Front 5

advantages/disadvantages of closed adoption

Back 5

Advantages: birth parents have a sense of closure and can move on with their lives, Adoptive parents are safe from the interference of co-parenting by birth parents, Adoptive children are safe from unstable or emotionally disturbed birth parents
• Disadvantages: Birth parents may experience more distress b/c they lack information about their child’s well-being, Adoptive parents don’t have access to much medical information about the birth family, Adoptive children may experience identity confusion b/c their physical traits differ from those of their adoptive parents

Front 6

advantages/disadvantages of open adoption

Back 6

Advantages: birth parents can develop a relationship with the child as she or he grows, Adoptive parents have a better understanding of the child’s history, Adoptive children are less likely to feel abandoned and can increase their circle of supportive adults
Disadvantages: birth parents may be disappointed if the adoptive family fails to meet all their expectations, adoptive parents may have difficulties dealing with emotionally disturbed birth parents, adopted children may feel rejected if contact with birth parents ceases or they may play their birth and adoptive families against each other

Front 7

advantages/disadvantages of transracial adoption

Back 7

advantages: can benefit from learning about their birth culture, strong family ties, an good peer relationships
disadvantages:, children are “alienated from their culture of origin” or dislodged from the ethnic community”; when African American children are placed in white parent homes white parents may not provide the children with the strategies they need to deal with everyday episodes of racism, prejudice, and discrimination.Some adoptees report struggling problems such as rejection by extended family members, being stigmatized by black peers for being raised by white people and not fully fitting in with black or white friends

Front 8

Boomerang children

Back 8

refer to young adults moving back in with their parents, but many people in their 30’s, 40’s, and older—often with a spouse and children In tow—are moving back home

Front 9

Challenges of sex research

Back 9

Sexual practices are hard to document
Typically study sexual attitudes rather than actual behavior
Reliance of self-report data of very sensitive information
Issues of how you are doing the study (interviews, questionnaires)
Normalizing questions
What people say they do and what they actually do may be very different

Front 10

child-free couples

Back 10

is a term that is used now as an alternative to childless
negatively stereotyped
research shows the majority of women who are child-free do not have children as a result of circumstance rather than choice
approx.. one quarter of child-free women are not parents by choice

Front 11

childless couples

Back 11

Child free-choice
When a couple disagrees about having children, substantial conflict may occur before the issues is resolved
It is often the woman who take on the child-free position first
Men in egalitarian marriages may prefer having fewer or no children over sharing the work of raising them

Front 12

Cuber & Haroffs marriage classification

Back 12

Conflict habituated, Devitalized, Passive-congenial, vital marriage, total marriage

Front 13

total marriage

Back 13

partners’ participate in each others lives at all levels, for example the couple may not only live together, but also work together

Front 14

vital marriage

Back 14

partners’ lives are closely intertwined and they spend a great deal of time with one another

Front 15

devitalized

Back 15

couples who are deeply in love when they marry, however, as time progresses, passion for each other decreases

Front 16

passive-congenial

Back 16

marriages tend to emphasize civic and professional responsibilities, property, and reputation

Front 17

conflict habituated

Back 17

fighting is common, however, not viewed as a reason for divorce

Front 18

sexual identity

Back 18

awareness of ourselves as male or female and the ways in which we express our sexual values, attitudes, feelings, and beliefs

Front 19

sexual orientation

Back 19

preference for sexual partners

Front 20

types of sexual orientation

Back 20

homosexual, asexual, nisexual, heterosexual

Front 21

sexual script

Back 21

specifies the formal or informal norms for legitimate or unacceptable sexual activity

Front 22

informs adolescents about sex

Back 22

parents, friends, sex education classes, media

Front 23

virginity pledge

Back 23

just as likely to have premarital sex, more likely to not use contraceptives, more likely to contract an STD

Front 24

sex in marriage

Back 24

intercourse may become less frequent but, fondling and genital stimulation may increase, couples are still satisfied

Front 25

homogamy

Back 25

dating or marrying someone with similar social characteristics

Front 26

propinquity

Back 26

geographic closeness

Front 27

heterogamy

Back 27

dating or marrying someone from a different group from one's own

Front 28

hypergamy

Back 28

marrying up one's social standing

Front 29

hypogamy

Back 29

marrying down one's social standing

Front 30

singles trend

Back 30

more women than men; more than 79% white

Front 31

reasons for being single

Back 31

war, technology, gender roles, economy, social movements

Front 32

sex ratio

Back 32

proportion of men to women in a country or group: 105 in U>S.

Front 33

types of cohabitation

Back 33

dating cohabitation, premarital cohabitation, trial marriage, substitute marriage

Front 34

who cohabits

Back 34

56 percent are between the ages of 25 and 44; more than half are women and american indians highest rates

Front 35

cohabit lead to better marriage

Back 35

No; couples who live together before marriage generally have higher divorce rates

Front 36

selection effect

Back 36

people who cohabit before marriage have different characteristic from those who dont

Front 37

cohabitation effect

Back 37

cohabitants are independent and used to having their way

Front 38

inertia effect

Back 38

couple makes numerous decisions that make it difficult to leave relationshio

Front 39

health and marriage

Back 39

marriage decreases risky activities, receiving emotional, social, financial support improves one health

Front 40

what do couples fight about

Back 40

money, children, sex, housework, infidelity

Front 41

conflict resolutions

Back 41

accommodation, compromise, standoff, withdrawal

Front 42

infertility

Back 42

inability to conceive a child

Front 43

reasons for infertility

Back 43

(women)failure to ovulate and blockage of the fallopian tubes; (men)sluggish sperm or low sperm count

Front 44

reactions to infertility

Back 44

Stigma results in a need for information management
Socially isolating
Developing alternative scripts or pursuing other options

Front 45

international adoption

Back 45

children adopted from other countries