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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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G protein breaks down and attaches to what ...... in order to create enzymes?
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Adenylate Cyclase
breaks down 2atp to cAMP |
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Does active transport move up or down?
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UP, since uphill is work ATP is necessary
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5th step in Active Transport?
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Protein changes confirmation...
2K+ released into icf |
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The difference of concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell are called?
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Chemical force
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Why is the cytoplasm neg in charge compared to the ECF?
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cellular proteins
phosphate proteins both are impermeable so cant leave |
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5 steps in active transport
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1. 3NA moves into cell 2. ATP breaks down to ADP and aspase is phosphorylated
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stimulation defined?
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excitability - irritability
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hyperpolarizing graded potential is?
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IPSP - inhibitory postsynaptic potential
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why is primary pump important?
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it burns ATP
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calmodulin activates which enzyme?
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kinase
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what is phenylalanine?
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amino acid
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where is the nicotinic ach receptor?
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neuromuscular junction NMJ and ganglion
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autonomic nerve end?
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ach is inhibitory or excitory
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what is primary active transport?
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spending energy
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how is strength of depolarization determined?
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how much charge (NA+) enters the cell
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sequence of events in nerves?
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synapsis,
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"SNARE"
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how many neurons are affected
what stimulates the membrane potential has to do with chemical trigger |
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what are indolamines?
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serotonin
histamine both distributed in the brain |
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nicatinic receptor?
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chemically gated channel
uses atp directly |
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carrier protein required ?
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yes
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muscarinic uses a link called?
middleman! |
G protein
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nicotine always?
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stimulates
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CA activates a protein called?
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calmodulin
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amount of charge a cell has is called
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membrane potential
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secondary active transport depends on what?
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primary active transport
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why is the cytoplasm negative compared to the extracellular fluid?
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cellular proteins
phosphate groups of atp both are impermeable so can't leave |
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types of endocytosis
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phagocytosis
pinocytosis receptor |
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how many receptors for epinepherine?
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two, alpha and beta
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sequence of catecholines?
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phenyalalanine
tyrosine dopa / dopamine norepinepherine epinepherine |
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what does the cyclic amp (cAMP) do?
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activates protein kinase
opens NA / K channel makes heart fast / strong |
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where does graded potential occur?
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in the cell body and dendrites
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What is direct coupling?
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when receptor and channel are the same structure
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what other element in found in the extra cellular fluid
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Lots of H+ (hydrogen)
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catecholamines are?
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Dopa
Dopamine Norepinepherine epinepherine |
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what is a synapse?
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functional connection between 2 neurons presynaptic and post synaptic
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when a cell is resting the charge is called?
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Resting
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43 total nerves... how many of each?
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12 cranial
31 spinal |
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where are nerves found in the CNS?
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outside
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exocytosis is stimulated by?
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Snare, signal through membrane receptors neurotransmitter in nerve endings
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what makes vesicular transport take place?
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ATP or GTP
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phagocytosis
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extensions of the cells legs reaching out
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pinocytosis
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invaginations or dips (bowl like)
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latent period of muscle contraction is?
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not in contraction yet?
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negative contraction is also known as?
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passive stretching
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tonus is?
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continued contraction also considered action potential
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positive contraction
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force stays the same, length does not change
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CNS
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brain and spinal cord
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PNS
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nerves, ganglia, and nerve plexus, outside of the CNS
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sensory neuron - afferent
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neuron that transmits impulses from a sensory receptor to CNS
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motor neuron - efferent
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neuron that trnsmits impulses from the CNS to an effector organ, such as a muscle
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nerve
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bundle of axons containing sensory and motor fibers
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ganglion
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grouping of neuron cell bodies located outside the cns
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nucleus
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grouping of neuron cells within the cnx
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tract
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grouping of nerve fibers that interconnect regions fo the cns
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nerves are always found outside of what?
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CNS
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Bundles of axons are always found inside of what?
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Tract
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