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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ad Hominem Argument
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A Criticism of the source of a claim, that is, the person who makes the claim
Ex) I can't see that we should listen to Governor Smith's proposal to increase the sales tax on automobiles. He has spent the last twenty years in state government and is hardly an unbiased source. |
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Ad Hominem Fallacy
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An attempt to critisize an argument by critzing the course rather than the argument
*Not when the instances are relevant to the issue |
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testify/testimony
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you dont have to give an argument, takes its strength entirely from its source
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argument
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offers premises to support a conclusion. It's to be assesed independently.
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Bias Ad Hominem
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When you dismiss a person's claims because of their biases
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Inconsistency Ad Hominem
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to dismiss a person's argument because what they are argued for conflicts with the way they actually behave.
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Psychological Ad Hominem
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Discredit an argument by questioning the mental state of the arguer
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Legitimate Ad Hominem
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It is not a fallacy to doubt whether a person is saying something true when you have a good reason to believe they are not honest or trustworthy
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Inverse Ad Hominem
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Praise the person person; give support for their position
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Appeal to Authority
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Any attempt to establish a claim by appealing to an expert or to someone one who supposidly has special expertise
legitimate: genuine expert to the relevant area fallacious: Not legitimate to the relative area |
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Appeal to popularity
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Most people approve of X-therefore, X is true.
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Appeal to tradtition
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Assuming that something is better or correct because it is older, always been done before.
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Eyewitness testimony
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The study of the accuracy of memory following an accident, crime and an exploration of the types of errors commonly made
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Fallacy of Ambiguity
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One meaning of a word or phrase is used in the premise, but a different meaning is used in the conclusion.
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Omissions
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leaving out an important truth....a statement that is misleading because of an important truth that it is missing
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ambiguity
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when a term has one meaning in the premise but a different meaning in the conclusion
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straw man
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misrepresentation of a view or argument that makes it less plausible.
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Slippery Slope Argument
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Claims that if a certain thing is done then it will lead to bad results.
*Not a fallacy if the causal connection is reasonable or is supported by reasons. |
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Slippery Slope Fallacy
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When no reasons are given for thinking the action in question will lead to a bad result (or no reasons at all are made)
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Dilemma
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is an argument w/ disjunction as one of the premises
*False if the disjunction is false |
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Golden Mean Fallacy
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Argues for a view by position by placing it in the middle of two extremes.
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Begging the Question
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An argument that assumes the conclusion it is mean to establish
ex) -the bible is the word of God -It says god exists =So, God exists |
