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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Sensation |
The brain receives input from the sensory organs. |
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Perception |
The brain makes sense out of the input from sensory organs. |
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Bottom-up processing |
Taking sensory information and then assembling and integrating it. |
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Top-down processing |
Using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensory information. |
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Absolute threshold |
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time |
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Difference threshold |
The minimum difference between the two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. |
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Sensory adaption |
Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation |
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Perceptual set |
The predisposition or readiness to perceive something in accordance with what we expect it to be. |
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Learning |
The process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. |
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Behaviorism |
Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. |
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Stimulus |
Any event or situation that evokes a response |
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Ivan Pavlov |
Scientist that systematically studied how we form associations between stimuli |
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Classical conditioning |
Classical conditioning |
Two stimuli. Bell (neutral)= no response. Food (meaningful)=salivation. |
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Acquisition |
The initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that it can be triggered. |
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Extinction |
Diminishing of a conditioned response. |
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Spontaneous recovery |
The reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response. |
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Generalization |
Stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimuli will also elicit the conditioned response to some degree. |
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Discrimination |
The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimuli and stimuli that do not signal unconditional stimulus. |
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BF Skinner |
Scientist associated with furthering defining operant conditioning and using it to modify and control behavior. |
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Operant conditioning |
Associations between a response and its consequences. |
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Positive reinforcement |
Presented after a response. Strengthens the response. |
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Negative reinforcement |
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli. This is not punishment. |
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Memory |
The retention of information or experiences of time. |
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Sensory memory |
First step of memory storage process. Holds information in your mind for a very brief period of time. |
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Short-Term Memory |
Limited capacity memory system which stores information for approximately 30 seconds without effort. Also called working memory. |
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Long-Term Memory |
Last step in the memory storage process in which we can store unlimited amounts of information for a long time. |
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Implicit Memory |
Non conscious memories for skills, procedures, and classically conditioned responses. Memory for How |
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Explicit Memory |
Conscious memories for people, places, events, dates. Memory for who what where when. |
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Echoic Memory |
Auditory sensory memory that lasts up to several seconds. |
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Iconic Memory |
Visual sensory memory that lasts about a quarter of a second. |
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Extrinsic Motivation |
A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment. |
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Intrinsic Motivation |
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake. |
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