Exam 1 // Social Psych

Front 1

What is Social Psychology?

Back 1

Study of how people think about, relate to and influence one another.

Front 2

What are Psychology's big ideas?

Back 2

1. How we construe our social world.
2. How our social intuitions guide and sometimes decieve us.
3. How our social behavior is shaped by other people, by our attitudes and personalities, and by our biology.
4. How social psychologys principles apply to our everyday lives and to various other fields of study.

Front 3

How do social influences shape us?

Back 3

"As social creatures, we respond to our immediate contexts. The power of a social situation leads us to act contrary to our expressed attitudes. Think about cultural effects on actions (Iraq war example)

Front 4

What are the ways that values enters psychology?

Back 4

1. Selection of research topics by social psychologists. Ex (1960's increase in aggression studies due to increase of riots and rising crime rates.
2. Differ across cultures. Europeans focus on social identity whereas americans focus on how one person thinks about others, is influenced by them and relates to them.
3. Values influence the types of people who are attracted to various disciplines. Ex. An art major compared to a business major.
4. Object of social-psychological analysis: Psychologists investigate how values form, why they change, and how they influence attitudes and actions.

Front 5

Is social psych just common sense?

Back 5

Said after we know the facts (Hindsight bias // "I knew it all along")

All social themes are backed by experiments testing the behavior and carefully controlling the variables that effect the behavior.

Front 6

Research methods. How do we do social psych?

Back 6

Forming and testing hypotheses.
Correlational (asking whether two or more factors are naturally associated. or Experimental (Manipulating some factor to see its effect on another.) Dont confuse correlation w/ causation. Assuming one causes another when maybe its a third factor.

Front 7

Self-Concept

Back 7

A persons answer to the question, "Who am I?"

Front 8

Self-Knowledge

Back 8

"Know thyself"
Explaining our behavior
Predicting our behavior (planning fallacy- underestimating how long it will take to complete a task)
Predicting our Feelings: We often mispredict our responses to certain events.

Front 9

Affective Forecasting

Back 9

People have greatest difficulty predicting the intensity and the duration of their future emotions. (Involing breakups, recieving gifts, losing an election, winning a game and being insulted.

Front 10

Impact Bias

Back 10

Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events. Ex. Loving the idea of living on an idea but becoming disappointed when they discover how much they miss daily structure, intellectual simulation from day to day activity.

Front 11

Immune neglect

Back 11

The human tendency to underestimate the speed and the strength of the "psychological immune system," Which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad things happen. Ex. How you would feel a year after getting your hand cut off

Front 12

Dual attitude

Back 12

Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habits. difference between the "Heart" and the "mind"

Front 13

Self knowledge

Back 13

Self reports are often untrustworthy.

The way people validate and and report their experiences is no guarantee of the validity of those reports.

Front 14

Self-Esteem

Back 14

Our overall self-evaluation, the sum of all our self-schemas and possible selves.

Front 15

Self-Schemas

Back 15

The elements of your self-concept, the specific beliefs by which you define yourself. Mental templates by which we organize our worlds

Front 16

looking glass self

Back 16

How we think others percieve us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves

Front 17

Learned helplessness

Back 17

The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal percieves no control over repeated bad events.

Front 18

Heuristics

Back 18

A thinking strategyy that enables quick, efficient judgements

Front 19

Priming

Back 19

Activating particular associations in memory

Front 20

Availability Heuristic

Back 20

A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory. If instances of something come readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace.

Front 21

overconfidence phenomenon

Back 21

The tendency to be more confident than correct, to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs.

Front 22

confirmation bias

Back 22

tendency to search for information that confirms ones one's preconceptions.

Front 23

Illusory correlation

Back 23

Perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists.

Front 24

Attribution theory

Back 24

The theory of how people explain others behavior, for example, by attributing it either to interanl dispositions (enduring traits, motives, and attitudes) or to external situations.

Front 25

counterfactual thinking

Back 25

Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn't.