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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reconstruction-Andrew Johnson
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1. becomes president after lincoln is assassinated
2. Shows up drunk for inaguration 3. Aims for minimal penelties for the south 4. Gives out tons of pardons 5. doesn't cooperate with congress 5. impeached 7. Survives by 1 vote keeps the independence of the presidency |
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Reconstruction-Congress
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1. Started with a moderate republican congress
2. increase in radicals due to intent to punish south 3. pass series of laws to keep Johnson in line 4. Tenure of Office Act |
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Reconstruction-Amendments
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Free Citizens Vote
13th-Abolishes Slavery 14th-Makes slaves into citizens 15th-voting rights |
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Sharecropping
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-blacks living on white's land, recieving crop
-yearly contracts Not good solution -terms favor landowners -not much independence -price falls out of cotton |
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3 types of reconstruction people
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Carpetbaggers-Northerners heading south to contribute or steal
Scallawags-southerners cooperating with reconstruction Freedman Voters-Led to republican governments, some blacks in office |
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KKK
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Nathan Bedford Forrest
-Confederate calvery commander -Say violence is nessesary to control freedman -blackcoats |
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Reconstruction-Grant Administration
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-Not great administrator or president
-has to keep dealing with reconstrution -works to supress the klan and succeeds -motivation behind klan continues |
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Reconstrution-RB Hayes
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-Runs against Samuel Tilles
-A lot of freedman voting -disputed -congress appoints a commision -Hayes named president -Hayes promised to remove last troops from south |
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Results of New South Mentality
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-Some industrialization (steel works, textiles)
-South had cheap labor which drew northern factories innto the south -Low wages, women and children -Raw materials -northerners still earn more money the economy still fails |
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Jim Crow Laws
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-Segregation
-voting limits go into place (grandfather clauses, poll taxes) -seperate but equal -Plessy vs Ferguson |
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Plessy vs Ferguson
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Railroad Cars
creates legal cover for all segregation stays in south for next 50 years lynching begins during this period |
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THE WEST words
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1. progress
2. wealth 3. multicultural 4. new creation 5. regeneration through violence 6. struggle 7. shaper of American life |
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Homestead Act
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-republican ideal
-any settler has the right to 160 acres of land -work the land for 5 years -reaches to the rockies |
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Sand Creek Massacre
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John Chivington-kills all even though they surrender
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Souix Indians/ Great Souix War
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1. Badlands until gold was found
2. Colonal Armstrong Custer 3. Custer's last stand 4. He underestimates the #s 5. little big horn custer's army was defeated -souix forced onto reservations |
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Red River War
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Geranamo
-captured, escaped, recaptured, -also pushed onto reservation |
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Nez-Perce
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Chief Joseph (not attack, run from it)
-tried to get out of US into Canada -Almost made it, 30 miles -Sent to Oklahoma |
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1887 Dawes Act
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Fails
indian schools breaking reservations into private settlements |
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Mormon pilgrimage
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Joseph Smith-revelation of meroni, an angel will lead him to golden plates written in egyption and the only person who could see them were smith
Went from Kirkland Ohio to Independence Missouri to Navvoo illinois -smith starts training militia bands -runs for president of the us -Smith was arrested People lynch him Brigham Young-Mormon Prophet |
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The Mormon War
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mountain meadows massacre
mormons kill an entire wagon train |
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Mormons in Utah
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Move to Provo utah
polygamy is outlawed but is tolerated by community of Utah 1890 mormon leadership has revelation that polygamy should no longer been followed - Utah becomes a state |
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Railroads
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particularly important for settling the west
transcontinental railroad is completed Allowed other industries to become big become consolidated and standardized starts to control the time, time-zones |
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Mining
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Disapear as vains pull out
some ast and create bigger regions (san fransisco) |
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Vigilante Justice
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More control of territory from states
Middleclass families change dynamics |
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Cowboys
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a lot of defeated confederate soldiars
freed blacks texas longhorn cattle is able to travel long distances would bring them to railroad Chisholm trail they fade because of weather, economics ranchers paid the cowboys to take cattle |
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government is encourageing growth of railroads
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massive amounts of land
managerial revolution -buisness schools -mba degree large buisnessmen encourage speculation |
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Steel
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Much better then Iron
Andrew Carnagie -bessemer process steel and railroads are mutually beneficial sells out to JP Morgan |
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Oil
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Areas of pennsylvania
John D Rockafellor -standard oil -creates trusts and holding companies trust-sharing stock in different companies Interlocking directories-most informal some people on multiple boards of directors Holding Company-formal company that's job is to direct all companies it holds stock in Makes people incredibly wealthy |
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William Booth
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Began the salvation army
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Carnagie
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The laborers hated his argument because they were ill-treated, low paid, worked long hours.
-Believed they could work together -Great railroad strike of 1877 -Ultimetely still unorganized |
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Knights of Labor
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terrance powderley
one organization for all laborers lots of different interests campaigns for a range of reforms Ends with associated with haymarket affair |
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Haymarket Affair
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mckormic sets up huge factory
workers decide to strike, not recognized others in Chicago decide to rally demonstration in haymarket square police decide to disperse it, somebody throws bomb, at least one policemen killed, bloodshed association with knights of labor does them in |
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The American Federation
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Samuel Gompers
only organizes craft laborers unions organized by craft pure and simple unions-collective bargaining |
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Homestead strike
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carnagies largest steel mill led by Henry Frick
Frick decides to play hardball with a private police force shootouts and bloodshed ultimetely strike fails |
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Pullmen Strike
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People in charge of pullmen cars
comes close to grinding railroad system to a halt federal government called in to break up strike |
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Why is there Urbanization
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-Cities have various economic opportunities
-pittsburgh becomes steel town, minneapolis mill town -slaughterhouses become big in Chicago intrests and excitment walking city- streetcar city |
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characteristics of Immigrants
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25 million immigrants
settle in concentrated patterns, primarily in cities before civil war-northern europe after civil war-southern and eastern europe Irish-potato famine of 1840s |
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City Photographer
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Jacob Riis
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Direct effects of darwinism
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Social Darwinism
Eugenics movement New type of scientific racism |
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Indirect effects
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social sciences
anthropology sociology economics |
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Cornell
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Andrew Dixon White
a history of the warfare of science vs religion |
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Urban Revivalism
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moody begins as sunday school teacher
becomes preacher, speaks to huge audiences assisted by Ira Sankey tried to reach middle class, but reaches all people travels in america and england, settles in Chicago |
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Urban Missions (salvation army)
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militant organized out to help
went to live in the city gain attention on street corners very effective in urban centers |
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YMCA/YWCA
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safe, clean places to live
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Temperance movement
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Women's chritian temperance union
carrie nation |
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Parks movement
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central park
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Gilded Age politics
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Republicans don't always hold congress
Parties are less idealogical politics is about winning and money republicans-anglo-american protestents Democrats-southerners, urbanites, immigrents PROBLEMS WITH CORRUPTION Grant's legacy tarnished |
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Spoil System
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money to be made in politics because of the lucrative jobs that can be held by winners.
Creates competition between and within parties. Comes to the forefront after RB Hayes |
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Garfield
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assasinated by Guiteau who wanted to help the VP. Captured, tried, executed
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CA Arthur
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not much of a spoilsmen
works for civil service reforms pendleton civil service act |
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Women's Sufferage Orgins
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AWSA- Lucy Stone, Julia Ward women morally better then men
NWSA- elizabeth katie stanton, Susan B Anthony seneca falls convention 1890 they unite to form NAWSA motivated by women's equality distrust of people in power. Middle class women are joining. |
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Farmer's troubles
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crop prices going down
get less then market value because of middlemen railroads charge really high rates |
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The Grange
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begins as a social movement
form grain cooperatives pressure railroads into better rates doesn't last out of 1870s |
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The Farmer's alliance
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much more willing to get involved with politics
petition states for relief becomes political party in 1892 (the populist party) interstate commerse |
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Economic Policy
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bi-metal policy, 1873 economic panic congress issues a law saying no silver as money
Deflation happens, hurts farmers, helps industry Grover Claveland resists move to bring back silver |
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Populist Party Election
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Runs William Jennings Bryan
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Mckinley
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campaigns from his front porch
different speeches for different people Wins handily |
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Expansion-Alaska
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steward didn't ask president first
7.1 million dollars Gold, oil gets russia off north America |
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Mexico
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sends troops to Rio Grande
New Government of mexicans overturned after decade |
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Pan-americanism
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US as leader
latin american states don't trust us US flexes muscle, doesn't make friends |
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Expansion-Hawaii
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kings and queens
protestant missionaries buisnessmen (pineapple) american settlers overthrow governments -turn to US asking to be territory -1898 becomes territory |
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China
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Open door policy-John Hay-british backing
reaffirmed in boxer rebellion chinese nationalists want to kick out all european nationalists some europeans stuck in beijing americans send thousands of troops |
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Japan
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1850-no contact with outside world
1853-us sends naval fleet (matthew perry) asks to sign trade agreement, denied tries to intimidate them, trade agreement Mehegee Restoration-modernization and use of technology |
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Spanish American War
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Cuba is faught over
spanish empire is growing weaker, cuba seen as easy to obtain and add yellow journalism-sensationalist stories urging war with spain. US decided to send ship USS Maine into harbor-observer for situation maine explodes "Remember the Maine" polititians happy to oblige |
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Where the navy attacks
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puerto rico falls quickly and easily
phillipeans admiral dewey within an hour spanish fleet gone |
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fighting in Cuba
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messy but quick, army illpreparted and underfunded
many die of tropical diseases much glory given to Teddy Roosevelt |
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American Imperialism in Phillipeans
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phillipeanos not interested in being americans
aquinaldo-phil leader of insurgency 5-6 years of heavy fighting Americans decide on continued involvment Mckinley "uplift americanize, civilize, christianize." |
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Progressive Politics
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see problems but want to preserve or save society
willing to experiment (society as a scientific laberatory) shift from indv and family to group and state reality is evolutionary |
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Dewey
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Education (experiment, experience pushing into a group setting rather then a family or indvidual one
went to columbia teacher college tied to secularization |
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Mucrakers
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people writing articles investigating problems in society, calling for reform
not religious motices Sinclair "The Jungle" |
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Progressive reform on local level
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want more efficient government
led by galveston texas gets corruption out of city government willing to sacrifice democracy of on a local level |
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State level
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wisconsin led by Robert Lafollette developing a government run by experts, lots of regulation, works well with university system
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Roosevelt
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Teddy Roosevelt becomes president after mckinley assasinated
trust buster hepburn act ends coal strike pure food and drug act meat inspection act loved the outdoors and conservation |
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Taft
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handpicked by roosevelt
progressive president governs like roosevelt seen as not supporting progressives in senate fires Gifford Pinchot roosevelt and taft competing |
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Roosevelt and taft competeing
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taft chosen
roosevelt creates the progressive party (the bull-moose party) 1912 all three candidates run as progressives woodrow wilson is also a progressive. |
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Roosevelt and Progressivism
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Equality of opportunity-fair chance & Public service
Graduated taxes addressing the GAR Wanted all to have a fair share Active Government (grow government to strengthen the government monroe doctrine Nobel Peace prize |
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Wilson and Progressivism
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The New Credo
limit big gov't individuals to be empowered attacks big buissnes forms the FTC (penalizes big that break law) passes clayton anti-trust act pushes the federal reserve active in mexico, carribbean pancho villa didn't want to be involved with world affairs |
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2 New Amendments
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16th-leagalized federal income tax
17th- Popular election of senators |
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Taft and Progressivism
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carries on TR's policies
known for his dollar diplomacy |
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European Background of WWI
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1. Population Increase
2. Industrial Development 3. Economic competition and nationalism 4. Militarism 5. Entangling alliance Franz Ferdinand and wife are assasinated germany attacks russia through belguim |
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Triple alliance
Entente Powers |
TA- Germany, Austrio Hungary, Ottomon
EP- France, GB, Russia |
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WWI impact at home
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1. increased income taxes
2. Reinstatement of the draft 3. greater organization of industry (The War Industries Board) 4. Propaganda (The Creel Commission) |
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Entente powers battle victory
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Chateau-thierry
Belleau Wood -well defended by Germans St. Mihiel -Americans attack from all sides -Harry Trueman is there Meuse-Argonne Forest |
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League of Nations
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Wilson goes to Paris to oversee negotiations
hailed by common people as a hero treaty very harsh with Germany US never joins |