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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What major characteristics tell that something is alive? |
They evolve and are cellular (Dr. Smith's favorites) as well as: Respiration, Reproduction, have Intellect, Move, respond to Change, Digestion, Circulation, Assimilation and Excretion. |
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What are the structural levels of organization in an organism? |
Subatomic Particles --> Atoms --> Molecules --> Macromolecules --> Organelles --> Cells --> Tissues --> Organs --> Organ Systems --> Organism |
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What is Homeostasis? |
Maintaining a stable internal environment. |
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What are Homeostatic Control Mechanisms? |
Mechanisms that monitor the aspects of the internal environment and corrects as needed. |
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What are the three parts of Homeostatic Control Mechanisms? |
* Receptor: Provides information about the stimuli * Control Center: Tells what a particular value should be (called the Set Point) * Effector: Ellicits responses that change conditions in the internal environment |
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What do Negative Feedback Loops do? |
* Prevent sudden, severe changes in the body * Correct the Set Point * Keeps bodily disruption from occurring |
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What are some examples of Negative Feedback Loops? |
* Body Temperature * Blood Pressure * Glucose Regulation * pH Regulation * Solute Levels * Hormone Levels |
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What do Positive Feedback Loops do? |
* Increases the actions of the body * Short lived * Do not require continuous adjustments |
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What are some examples of Positive Feedback Loops? |
* Blood Clotting * Child Birth |
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What is an example of antagonistic effectors? |
Muscles (contracting) to drives your body temp up VS. sweat glands that drive your body temp down.
They work against each other. |
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What is a Visceral Layer? |
A body layer that covers an organ |
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What is a Parietal Layer? |
A body layer that lines a cavity or body wall |
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Why is Thermoregulation important? (3) |
* Optimal body temperature is imperative for body processes to function properly * Increased temp = more heat = faster rate of processes * Most reactions are temperature sensitive, as you change the temp you change the rate |
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What is Q10? |
The rate of a process at one temperature divided by the rate of that same process at a temperature that is 10* lower. Rt/Rt-10* A reaction with a higher Q10 will be more sensitive to temperature change. |
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What is Metabolism? |
All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells. |
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What is Anabolism? |
Synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances (building up). |
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What is Catabolism? |
Breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks. |
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What are the three body planes? |
* Saggital: Vertical plane that cuts the body into right and left parts (Mid-Saggital: equal R/L parts) * Coronal (or Frontal): Vertical plane that cuts the body into Anterior and Posterior parts * Transverse: Horizontal plane that cuts the body into Superior and Inferior parts |
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What is the Dorsal body cavity? |
* Posterior portion of the body Consists of: * Cranial Cavity: Brain * Vertebral/Spinal Cavity: Spinal cord |
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What is the Ventral body cavity? |
* Anterior portion of the body Consists of: * Thoracic Cavity: Heart * Pleural Cavity: Lungs * Abdominopelvic Cavity |
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What is Anatomical Position? |
Standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out. |
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What is Anterior or Ventral? |
Toward the front |
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What is Posterior or Dorsal? |
Toward the back |
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What is Superior? |
Above |
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What is Inferior? |
Below |
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What is Lateral? |
To the side |
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What is Ipsilateral? |
To the same side |
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What is Contralateral? |
To the opposite side |
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What is Medial? |
Towards the midline |
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What is Distal? |
Away from the body, farther from the point of attachment |
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What is Proximal? |
Toward the body, close to the point of attachment |
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What is a Serous Membrane? |
A thin, double-layered membrane that makes up the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs that that cavity contains. |
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What are the steps of the Scientific method? |
* Observation * Hypothesis * Data collection * Manipulation and Analysis of Data * Reporting conclusions |
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What is a Hypothesis? |
An unproven conclusion that attempts to explain some phenomenon; An educated guess |
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What are Independent Variables? |
The variables manipulated by the experimenter; temperature, energy source, environment. etc. |
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What are Dependent Variables? |
The response to, which is dependent on, the Independent Variable |
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What is a Control Group? |
Provides the "normal standard" against which all other test subjects are compared. |
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What are some examples of Confounding Variables? |
* Age of the test subject * Sex of the test subject * Health of the test subject |
