Exam 1 Chap 6

Front 1

Perception

Back 1

process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment

Front 2

Attribution Theory

Back 2

suggests that when we observe an individuals behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused.

Front 3

Three determinants of attribution

Back 3

Distinctiveness-whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations( late here and in other classes and for work)

Consensus-everyone behaves the same way in the given situation(everyones late, accident on 75)

Consistency-behaving the same way over time (always late for class)

Front 4

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 4

We have a tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors

Front 5

Self-serving Bias

Back 5

Individuals attribute their own successes to internal factors

Front 6

Selective Perception

Back 6

any characteristic that makes a person, object, or event stand out will increase the probability that it will be perceived. (we can't observe everything going on around us)

Front 7

Halo Effect

Back 7

we draw a general impression on the basis of a single characteristic ex: he went to harvard he must be a genius no matter what

Front 8

steps in rational decision-making model

Back 8

1. define the problem

2. identify the decision criteria

3. allocate weights to the criteria

4. develop the alternatives

5. evaluate the alternatives

6. select the best alternative

Front 9

Bounded Rationality

Back 9

most people respond to a complex problem by reducing the problem to a level at which it can readily understood.

Front 10

overconfidence bias

Back 10

individuals whose intellectual and interpersonal abilities are weakest are most likely to overestimate their performance and ability

Front 11

Anchoring Bias

Back 11

Fixating on initial information as a starting point and failing to adequately adjust for subsequent information

Front 12

Confirmation Bias

Back 12

Type of selective perception. Seek out information that reaffirms past choices, and discount information that contradicts past judgments

Front 13

Availability Bias

Back 13

Tendency for people to base judgments on information that is readily available

Front 14

Escalation of commitment

Back 14

staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence that it's wrong

Front 15

Randomness error

Back 15

decision-making becomes impaired when we try to create meaning out of random events

Front 16

Risk Aversion

Back 16

risk averse employees will stick with the established way of doing their jobs, rather than taking a chance on innovative or creative methods

Front 17

Hindsight Bias

Back 17

Tendency to believe falsely that one has accurately predicted the outcome of an event, after that outcome is actually known

Front 18

Personality

Conscientiousness

Achievement-striving:

Dutifulness:

Back 18

higher EOC, more hindsight biased

lower EOC

Front 19

Three ethical decision-criteria

Back 19

Utilitarian criterion-decisions made solely on basic of their outcomes or consequences

Focus on rights-calls on individuals to make decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges

Impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially oto ensure justice or an equitable distribution of benefits and costs.

Front 20

Three component model of CREATIVITY

Back 20

expertise

creative thinking skills

intrinsic task motivation