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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Sternocleidomastoid |
O: Sternum + Clavicle I: Mastoid Process A: (Bilaterally) neck flexion + head hyperextension (Unilaterally) neck lateral bending + rotates face to opposite side N: Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) + 2nd and 3rd cervical nerves |
sternocleidomastoid |
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Scalenes |
O: Tranverse processes of the cervical vertebrae I: 1st + 2nd ribs A: (Bilaterally) assists neck flexion (Unilaterally) neck lateral bending N: Lower cervical nerves |
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Suboccipitals |
O: (Obliquus capitis superior + Rectus capitis posterior minor) atlas (C1) (Obliquus capitis inferior + Rectus capitis posterior major) axis (C2) I: Nuchal line A: Extend the head + rotate the head N: Suboccipital nerve ( dorsal rami C1) |
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Splenius Capitis |
O: Lower half of nuchal ligament + spinous processes of C7 - T3 I: Lateral occipital bone + mastoid process A: (Bilaterally) extend head & neck (Unilaterally) rotate & laterally bend the face to same side N: Middle and lower cervical nerves |
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Splenius Cervicis |
O: Spinous processes of T3 - T6 I: Transverse processes of C1 - C3 A: (Bilaterally) extend neck (Unilaterally) rotate & laterally bend the neck to same side N: Middle and lower cervical nerves |
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What is the purpose of performing abdominal curls with legs extended vs. when hips/knees are flexed? |
If the legs are extended and the feet are stabilized, the abdominal muscles and hip flexors (in a reversal of muscle action) are involved in the ab curl. However, when the hips and knees are flexed or if the hips are externally rotated when the feet are not stabilized, the hip flexors become less efficient, which emphasizes the abdominal muscles to strengthen. |
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Rectus Abdominis |
O: Pubis I: Xiphoid process + costal cartilages of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs A: Trunk flexion + compression of abdomen N: 7th - 12th intercostal nerves |
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External Oblique |
O: Lower 8 ribs laterally I: Iliac crest + linea alba A: (Bilaterally) trunk flexion + compression of abdomen (Unilaterally) lateral bending + rotation to OPPOSITE side N: 8th - 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves |
\\\/// shaped \V/ |
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Internal Oblique |
O: Inguinal ligament + iliac crest + thoracolumbar fascia I: 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs + abdominal aponeurosis A: (Bilaterally) trunk flexion + compression of the abdomen (Unilaterally) lateral bending + rotation to SAME side N: 8th - 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves |
//\\ ///\\\ shaped rotate to sAme side (L internal oblique rotates to L side) |
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Transverse Abdominis |
O: Inguinal ligament+ iliac crest + thoracolumbar fascia + last 6 ribs (6th -12th) I: Abdominal aponeurosis + linea alba A: Compression of abdomen N: 7th - 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves |
Important when coughing, sneezing, laughing, forced expiration, "bearing down" during childbirth, and while having a bowel movement. |
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O: Common tendon (thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertebrae I: Various attachments at the posterior ribs, spinous & transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, and mastoid process of temporal bone A: (Bilaterally) extend the neck & trunk (Unilaterally) laterally bend beck & trunk N: Spinal nerves |
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Transversospinalis Group (rotatores + multifidus + semispinalis) |
O: Transverse processes I: Spinous processes of vertebra above A: (Bilaterally) extend neck & trunk (Unilaterally) rotate neck & trunk to opposite side N: Spinal nerves |
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How many vertebra(e) does each deep trunk rotator (transversospinalis group) span? |
Rotatores (shortest and deepest) = 1 vertebra Multifidus = 2 - 4 vertebrae Semispinalis = 5+ vertebrae |
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Quadratus Lumborum |
O: Iliac crest I: 12th rib + transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae A: Trunk lateral bending N: 12th thoracic + 1st lumbar nerves |
Clinically relevant for it serving as a prime mover in producing the hip hiking movement (beneficial to those in a long-leg cast or with an immobile knee) |
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Define cervical PROtraction and which muscles are activated. |
PROtraction: head extension (suboccipitals) + neck flexion (sternocleidomastoid) |
"moodle neck" or "forward head" PRoEX-IIFLE |
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Define cervical REtraction and which muscles are activated. |
REtraction: head flexion (prevertebral group) + neck extension (spenius capitis + splenius cervicis + erector spinae + transversospinalis, interspinales) |
"tucking your chin in" REoFL-IIEX |
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Describe the orientation of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar facet joints and what motions are most significantly allowed in each portion of the spine as a result. |
Cervical Orientation = triplanar or diagonally between frontal and sagittal planes. Motions: all 3 types of motion Thoracic Orientation = frontal plane Motions: rotation + lateral bending Lumbar Orientation = sagittal plane |
Cervical / Thoracic = Lumbar ll ll |
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What portions of the vertebrae make up the neural arch? |
Posterior portion of the vertebra -pedicle -lamina -transverse processes -vertebral notches -intervertebral foramen -superior articular process (face posteriorly or medially), inferior articular process (face anteriorly or laterally) -spinous processes |
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Distinguish between a disk bulge and a herniation. |
In the case of a disk bulge, the annulus fibrosis is kept intact. Over a prolonged duration of excessive force, the bulge may protrude through the rings of the annulus, and a herniation occurs |
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Define Scoliosis. |
Scoliosis: any amount of lateral curve of the spine. |
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What is the name of the space between vertebrae through which nerve roots exit the spine on each side of the spinal column? |
Intervertebral foramen |
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Demifacets are found in which region of the spinal column? |
Thoracic spine |
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The Nuchal ligament is found on which region of the spinal column? |
Cervical spine |
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Masseter |
O: Zygomatic arch of the temporal bone + zygomatic process of maxilla I: Angle of the ramus + coronoid process of mandible A: (Bilaterally) elevation (Unilaterally) ipsilateral lateral deviation N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) |
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Medial Pterygoid |
O: Lateral pterygoid of the sphenoid bone + tuberosity of maxilla I: Ramus + angle of the mandible A: (Bilaterally) elevation + protrusion (Unilaterally) contralateral lateral deviation N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) |
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Lateral Pterygoid |
O: Lateral pterygoid plate + greater wing of the sphenoid I: Mandibular condyle + articular disk A: (Bilaterally) depression + protrusion (Unilaterally) contralateral lateral deviation N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) |
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Temporalis |
O: Temporal fossa I: Coronoid process + ramus of mandible A: (Bilaterally) elevation + retrusion/retraction [posterior fibers] (Unilaterally) ipsilateral lateral deviation N: Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) |
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Suprahyoid Group [mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric muscles] |
A: Assists in depressing mandible N: Mylohyoid - branch of trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) Geniohyoid - branch of C1 via hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) Stylohyoid - branch of facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) Digastric - branch of trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) + branch of facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) |
my genie's style digs |
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Infrahyoid Group [sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid] |
A: Stabilize hyoid bone N: Branch of the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) comminucating with C1 - C3 |
stern-HIGH stern-THIGH THIGH-HIGH Oh mhy! |
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Which components make up the TMJ? |
- Articular fossa of the temporal bone superiorly - Articulating with condyle of the mandible inferiorly |
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What makes up the zygomatic arch? |
zygomatic process of the temporal bone posteriorly + temporal process of the zygomatic bone anteriorly |
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How does the articular disk move during mandibular depression and elevation? |
Depression: 1. Anterior rotation of mandible condyle on disk 2. Sliding disk and condyle forward and downward over articular tubercle Elevation 1. Sliding disk and condyle backward (posteriorly) and upward (superiorly) 2. Posterior rotation of mandible condyle on disk |
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Diaphragm |
O: Xiphoid process + ribs + lumbar vertebrae I: Central tendon A: Inspiration N: Phrenic nerve (C3 + C4 + C5) |
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Internal Intercostals |
O: Rib below I: Rib above A: Depress ribs N: Intercostal nerve (T2 - T6) |
//\\ ///\\\ shaped |
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External Intercostals |
O: Rib above I: Rib below A: Elevate ribs N: Intercostal nerve (T2 - T6) |
\\\/// shaped \V/ |
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Which muscles assist in quiet inspiration? |
diaphragm + external intercostals |
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Which muscles assist in forced inspiration? |
Quiet inspiration muscles: diaphragm external intercostals PLUS deep inspiration muscles: SCM Scalenes Pectoralis major Levator costarum Serratus posterior superior PLUS: Levator scapula Upper trapezius Rhomboids Pectoralis minor |
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Which muscles assist in quiet expiration? |
Relaxation of the diaphraghm + external intercostals Elastic recoil of thoracic wall, lungs, and bronchi Gravity Internal intercostals |
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Which muscles assist in forced expiration? |
Internal intercostals PLUS: Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Quadratus lumborum Transverse abdominis Serratus anterior inferior |
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What are the plumb line landmarks in the anterior view? |
HEAD extended and level; look for excessive flexion or hyperextension, or sidebend SHOULDERS level STERNUM centered in midline; look for deviation to one side, may also protrude or sunken in HIPS both ASIS level LEGS slightly apart, is one longer than the other? KNEES level, observe alignment of patella and check for genu valgus/varum ANKLES normal arch, medial malleoli level FEET slightly outward toeing; about 15 degrees from sagittal plane |
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What are the plumb line landmarks in the posterior view? |
HEAD extended and level; look for excessive flexion or hyperextension, or sidebend SHOULDERS level SPINOUS PROCESSES centered in midline of thorax HIPS both PSIS level LEGS slightly apart; is one longer than the other? KNEES observe symmetry of popliteal creases, observe for genu varum/valgus ANKLES calcanei should be straight and level |
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What are the plumb line landmarks in the lateral view? |
HEAD through earlobe SHOULDERS through tip of acromion process THORACIC SPINE anterior to vertebral bodies LUMBAR SPINE through vertebral bodies PELVIS almost directly through its lateral midline HIP through greater trochanter KNEE just posterior to the patella if knees are fully extended ANKLE just anterior to lateral malleolus if ankle is neutral |
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What is included in good sitting posture? |
Maintaining all normal curves of spine Keeping feet flat on floor Supporting low back Knees/hips at 90 degrees |
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What is the preferred position for someone with facet joint problems? |
Flexed position |
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What is the preferred position for someone with intervertebral disk problems? |
Extended position |
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Which muscles are involved in keeping the body in an upright posture? Which contribute to controlling postural sway? |
UPRIGHT POSTURE: Antigravity muscles Hip extensors Knee extensors Trunk extensors Neck extensors + other muscles: trunk flexors neck flexors lateral benders hip ABductors hip ADductors ankle pronators ankle supinators CONTROL POSTURAL SWAY: All upright posture muscles PLUS Ankle plantar flexors Ankle dorsiflexors |
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