Exam 1

Front 1

Dopamine

Back 1

Delightful, drops in disappointment, dope in excess

Front 2

Acetylcholine

Back 2

Active, muscle contraction and attentive, memory

Front 3

Glutamate

Back 3

Go! Go! Brains main gas pedal

Front 4

Gaba

Back 4

Gear down gaba, brains main brake

Front 5

Substance P

Back 5

Pain

Front 6

Endorphin

Back 6

Enjoy! Ultimate high and blocks pain

Front 7

Serotonin

Back 7

Sweet, sleepy and slimming, reduces appetite

Front 8

Norepinephrine

Back 8

Neat, feels good, nervy, impulsive, naughty, aggressive

Front 9

Balance of norepinephrine

Back 9

Serotonin

Front 10

Balance of GABA

Back 10

Glutamate

Front 11

Negative inside, depressed, not going to do anything

Back 11

GABA

Front 12

Blocks serotonin re-uptake

Back 12

Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors like prozac

Front 13

Blocks release of Substance P

Back 13

Endorphins, internal morphine

Front 14

Blocks glutamate receptors

Back 14

Alcohol

Front 15

Blocks re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine

Back 15

Cocaine and some anti depressants

Front 16

Drug increases release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Back 16

Amphetamines

Front 17

Increase gabas effect as brake for brain, three things

Back 17

Valproic acid

Valium

Alcohol

Front 18

Disease involving excess dopamine

Back 18

Schizophrenia

Front 19

Disease involving a shortage of dopamine

Back 19

Parkinsons disease

Front 20

Acetylcholine

Back 20

Involved in muscle contraction, memory, thinking, and parasympathetic system

Front 21

GABA

Back 21

Brains main brake pedal, it's most important inhibitory neurotransmitter

Front 22

Substance P

Back 22

Causes pain, Capsaicin in chili peppers increases it's release

Front 23

Serotonin

Back 23

Improves mood and self control, causes sleepiness, reduces appetite

Front 24

Dopamine

Back 24

Feels good, drops in disappointment, increases in Pleasant surprises, excess contributes to schizophrenia, shortage results in Parkinsons disease

Front 25

Norepinephrine

Back 25

Feels good, increases impulsiveness and aggressiveness, used by sympathetic system

Front 26

Glutamate

Back 26

Brains main gas pedal, it's most important excitatory n.t

Front 27

Endorphin

Back 27

Provides the ultimate high, blocks pain and provides the placebo effect

Front 28

Neural tube formation begins

Back 28

3rd and 4th weeks after fetilization

Front 29

Two birth defects caused by neural tube not forming

Back 29

Spina Bifida and anecephaly

Front 30

Tube defects are the worst lower or higher?

Back 30

Higher

Front 31

Spina Bifida detection before birth

Back 31

Hugh levels of alpha fetal protein in mom's blood

Front 32

Vitamin helps prevent spina bifida and when do women need it most

Back 32

Folic acid and before they know they are pregnant before the 3rd and 4th weeks

Front 33

Most common birth defect and what causes it

Back 33

Cerebral palsy and it's essentially a stroke that occurs before baby is born

Front 34

Gray matter

Back 34

Thinking parts, cortex

Front 35

White matter

Back 35

Insulated by myelin and most of cerebrum's interior

Front 36

Thalamus

Back 36

Conscious part of brain

Front 37

Cerebellum

Back 37

Important for coordination, balance, and muscle tone

Front 38

Mid Brain/ thalamus

Back 38

Major relay station for sensation

Front 39

Pineal gland

Back 39

Measures day length and makes melatonin

Front 40

Medulla

Back 40

Controls many life support functions including breathing

Front 41

Pons

Back 41

Pending it causes pinpoint pupils and coma

Front 42

Hypothalamus

Back 42

Has many functions including drives and hormone control

Front 43

Left hemispheres specialties

Back 43

Speaking half, analyzes and makes plans, list maker

Front 44

Right hemispheres specialties

Back 44

Music, art, insights, and remembering faces

Front 45

Occipital lobes

Back 45

Vision

Front 46

Temporal lobes

Back 46

Memory, smell, and hearing

Front 47

Parietal Lobes

Back 47

Makes sense of sensations

Front 48

Frontal lobes

Back 48

Makes decisions-has no sensory functions

Front 49

Prefrontal

Back 49

Does our most complex thinking and planning

Front 50

Brocas

Back 50

Tells the mouth how to talk, if damaged speech becomes slow and difficult

Front 51

Premotor

Back 51

Learned motor skills

Front 52

Primary motor area

Back 52

Map of body for controlling voluntary movements

Front 53

Primary sensory area

Back 53

Map of body for sensation and know where body parts are

Front 54

Sensory association area

Back 54

Interprets sensations

Front 55

Auditory

Back 55

Hears

Front 56

Wernickes

Back 56

Understands language

Front 57

Occipital lobe

Back 57

Vision

Front 58

Proprioception

Back 58

Keeps track of your body parts, you don't have to look

Front 59

Phantom limb sensations

Back 59

Pain in missing limb, common among amputees

Front 60

Medulla oblongata

Back 60

Deepest and most protected part of brain, runs breathing and other vital functions. Intercranial pressure can squeeze into the foramen magnum and stop breathing

Front 61

Fourth ventricle

Back 61

Ventricle where CSF comes out to the subarchnoid space

Front 62

Basal nuclei

Back 62

Huntingtons disease and parkinsons disease affect this part of the brain

Front 63

Corpus callosum

Back 63

Huge bundle of axons connects the left and right hemispheres, harder than any other brain tissue, calloused body

Front 64

Third ventricle in the thalamus

Back 64

This part sits on top of the brain stem and directs sensory impulses up to the conscious part of the brain. Decides what sensations we will notice

Front 65

Longitudinal fissure

Back 65

The deep groove

Front 66

Link between hemispheres

Back 66

Corpus callosum

Front 67

Hole with CSF

Back 67

Lateral ventricle

Front 68

Thin hole with CSF

Back 68

Third ventricle

Front 69

Parkinsons disease

Back 69

Muscles stay contracted, causing rigidity, stiff face, trembling hands, and hunger

L-dopa is main treatment

Disease starts when the substantial nigga stops making dopamine

Front 70

Huntingtons disease

Back 70

Totally genetic, risk for kids 50% if parent has it

More severe than parkinsons

Basal nuclei disintegrates, dopamine levels are normal

Front 71

Flow of CSF

Back 71

1. CSF comes out of choroid plexuses in the lateral ventricles.

2. Third ventricle in thalamus.

3. Cerebral Aqueduct in the midbrain.

4. Fourth ventricle under the. cerebellum.

5. Subarchnoid space around brain and cord.

6. Into the blood in a dual sinus.

Front 72

Hydrocephalus

Back 72

When CSF accumulates in the ventricles

Front 73

Migraine Pains

Back 73

Cerebral arteries by constricting and dilating too much.

Front 74

Spinal Tap/ Lumbar Puncture

Back 74

To pull out CSF to see if meningitis is viral or bacterial, causes spinal headaches until CSF is able to float back to brain. Bacterial = deadly

Front 75

Epidural

Back 75

Injection of anesthetic into fat filled epidural space, no headache

Front 76

Spinal anesthesia

Back 76

Injection of anesthetic into the subarchnoid space, causes headaches because CSF may leak out of meninges after surgery. Most dangerous because needle is so close to cord.

Front 77

Epidural bleed

Back 77

Arterial bleed

Front 78

Subarchnoid bleed

Back 78

Arterial bleed

Front 79

Subdural bleed

Back 79

Bleeding veins and most lethal head bleed

Front 80

Blood Brain Barrier

Back 80

Consists of atrocities and tight blood capillary walls, protects brain from toxins but also can keep out some medications.

Front 81

Why do we sleep?

Back 81

Increased CSF flow during sleep washes out metabolic wastes.

Front 82

Oh

Oh

Oh

To

Touch

And

Fold

Very

Good

Velvet

A

H

Back 82

Olfactory- smell

Optic- see

medially

Trochlear- eyes down and side

Trigeminal- feel face and chew

Abducens- eyes laterally

Vestibularcochlear- hear & balance

Ocularmotor- blink, focus, down, medially Trochlear- eyes down and sideTrigeminal- feel face and chewAbducens- eyes laterallyFacial- face moveVestibularcochlear- hear & balanceGlossopharyngeal- swallow and say consonantsVagus- work vocals, slow heart, and stop digestionAccessory- I don't know you tell meHypoglossal- stick out tongueVagus-

Glossopharyngeal- swallow and say consonants

Facial- face moveVestibularcochlear- hear & balanceGlossopharyngeal- swallow and say consonantsVagus- work vocals, slow heart, and stop digestionAccessory- I don't know you tell meHypoglossal- stick out tongueVagus-

Vagus- work vocals, slow heart, and stop digestion

Accessory- I don't know you tell me

Hypoglossal- stick out tongue

Vagus-

Front 83

Dermatone

Back 83

Strip of skin innervated by a pair of spinal nerves.

Front 84

T10 three things

Back 84

Dermatone, spinal nerves, or vertebrae.

Front 85

Nipples dermatone

Back 85

T5

Front 86

Navel dermatone

Back 86

T10

Front 87

Plexus

Back 87

"Braids" four of them. Cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

Front 88

Severed spinal cords

Back 88

No schwann cells in cord to guide growth of axons

Front 89

Reattached fingers

Back 89

New axons grow into finger

Front 90

Lung and diaphragm referred

Back 90

Neck and shoulders

Front 91

Heart referred

Back 91

Left shoulder and arm

Front 92

Kidneys referred

Back 92

Thighs and pelvic area

Front 93

Elderly patient complaining of shoulder pain and not very responsive, what do you assume?

Back 93

Pneumonia

Front 94

Musculocutaneous nerves

Back 94

Control biceps brachii and brachialis muscles for elbow flexion

Front 95

Radial nerves

Back 95

Wrist drop, crutch palsy

Front 96

Axillary nerves

Back 96

Arm extension, control deltoid to raise shoulder and arm

Front 97

Sciatic nerves' tibial branch

Back 97

Foot drag

Front 98

Phrenic nerves

Back 98

Come out of the cervical plexus

Front 99

Femoral nerves

Back 99

Come from lumbar plexus

Front 100

Hemiplagia

Back 100

Paralyzed on left or right side

Front 101

Paraplegia

Back 101

Paralyzed below waist

Front 102

Quadriplegia

Back 102

Paralyzed below neck

Front 103

Spastic paralysis

Back 103

Accompanied by involuntary movements

Front 104

Flaccid paralysis

Back 104

Limp muscles and don't receive impulses

Front 105

Beta 2

Back 105

Causes bronchial dialation

Front 106

Beta 1

Back 106

Speeds up heart rate

Front 107

Acetylcholine receptors

Back 107

Slows heart rate

Front 108

Propanolol/atenolol

Back 108

Beta 1 blocker

Front 109

Atropine

Back 109

Anti-cholinergic

Front 110

Albuterol

Back 110

Beta 2 antagonists

Front 111

Syncope

Back 111

Fainting from emotional reactions