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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Koppen System classifies what? |
Climates and the potential for agriculture based on vegetation types |
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What are centripetal forces? |
Forces that promote political unity and reinforce the state structure |
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Centrifugal forces? |
Cultural and political forces to weaken/divide a state |
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Industrialized country that did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol? |
U.S. |
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Major source of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)? |
Aerosol sprays, refrigeration, and air conditioning. CFC's are 25% of human generated greenhouse gases |
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Possible effects of climate change in the world? |
Rise in sea level, average global temperature will increase(2-4 degrees), and shifts in agricultural areas(wheat belt)will become drier-lower grain yield |
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What substance accounts for more then half of the human generated greenhouse gasses? |
Carbon Dioxide CO2 |
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Where are earthquakes and volcanoes most commonly found? |
Subduction zones |
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Which of the following often accompanies high female illiteracy? |
High birth rates |
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Gross National Income (GNI)? |
The value of all final goods and services produced in a country plus net income from abroad |
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Countries that are considered core countries in the core-periphery model |
US, Canada, Western Europe , Japan |
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The source continent for all other continents when considering plate tectonics? |
Africa |
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Where do most people live? |
Urban area Where food can grow |
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Kurds? |
Nations without a state |
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Nation-state? |
Relatively homogeneous culture group with its own fully independent political territory Japan France |
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Universalizing religion? |
Attempts to appeal to all people regardless of location or culture Ex. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism |
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Lingua franca |
A third language that is adopted by people from different cultural groups within a country who cannot speak each others language Ex. English in India |
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Characteristics that often best defines cultural groups? |
Language Dialect |
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Cultural Nationalism? |
Process of defending a cultural system against offensive cultural expression while at the same time actively promoting local or national values |
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Cultural Imperialism |
Active promotion of ones cultural system over another |
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Cultural synchronization? |
Sometimes occurs when forms of culture spread abroad then are melded with local cultural traditions |
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Characteristics of culture? |
Culture is learned (not innate), is shared (not individual) behavior, and includes both abstract (language, religion) and material elements |
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Examples of push forces |
Cultural oppression, war, unemployment, natural disasters |
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Examples of Pull forces |
Economics opportunity, freedom, climate |
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When in history is the time of the greatest human migration? |
Now |
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Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) |
Annual growth rate for a country or region as a percentage increase -World RNI is 1.2% per year |
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR) |
The average number of children born by a statistically average woman -world average is 2.7 -Europe is 1.4 -Africa is 5.1 |
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Crude Birth Rate (CBR) |
Total number of births divided by the total population -World CBP is 21/1000 |
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How many humans are added to the world's population each hour? |
16,000 per hour |
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Arguments in favor of globalization |
Capitalism, move trade barriers, free flow of wealth, poorer countries will catch up |
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Problems with the spread of global consumer culture? |
Erode local diversity, cultural tension |
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Piedmont? |
Foot of the mountain, fall line |
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Praire? |
-Grassland steppe -Great plains |
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What is north americas population settlement pattern? |
Uneven pattern of distribution |
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Marine west coast climate location? |
West coast at middle of most continents -Warm but not hot summers -cool but not cold winters -Narrow temp range Ex. Coastal Oregon, Washington, British columbia, southern Alaska and North of San Francisco |
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Where is the Ogallala Aquifer located? |
Great Plains |
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The Monroe Doctrine? |
A principle of US policy, originated by James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US |
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What happened to Native Americans populations after the arrival of Europeans |
-Disease and disruption -90% of Natives died |
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What decisively shaped the evolution of the city in the US? |
-transportation
-freeways |
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What state of the US recently went from having net in-migrtationin the late 1900s to having net out-migration since 2000? |
California |
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Columbia Exchange? |
Trade that brought slaves and domesticated animals to the New World and corns, beans squash and chili peppers to Europe and elsewhere |
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What migration trend was caused by the mechanization of farming?
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Rural-to-urban |
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Where most immigrants to the US come from? |
Asia and Latin America |
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The major trend in agriculture in North America in recent years? |
-Bigger farms -Mechanization of agriculture results in rural to urban migration -2.4% workforce in UD -3.3% in Canada |
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Reason why U citizens have migrated to the Sunbelt South? |
-Expanding Economy -lower cost of living -Recreation -Air conditioning |
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Megalopolis location |
East coast of the US Bosnywash (Boston, New York, Washington D.C.) |
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Eras of the Historical Evolution of the US cities |
1. Walking horse car (before 1888) 2. Electric street car (1888-1920) 3. Recreational automobile (1920-45) 4. Freeway (1945-present) |
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Employment sectors and what they mean |
1. Primary- natural resource extraction 2. Secondary- manufacturing/industrial 3. Tertiary- Services 4. Quaternary- Information processing |
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The Truman Doctrine |
Gave US wider world role -the policy of the US to supply free people who are resisting sudjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures (1947- Greece and Turkey) |
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Nanuvat |
Newest providence in Canada Least populous |
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Dominant religion in the united states? |
Protestantism (60%) |
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Year Mexico gained independence from Spain? |
1821 |
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Key rebels fought against the Mexican government during the Mexican Revolution? |
Pancho Villa, Pascual Orozco, Emiliano Zapata |
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Order of ecosystems in altitudinal zonation |
1. Tierra Helada (frosty, near top) 2. Tierra Fria (cold) 3. Tierra Templada (mild) 4. Tierra Caliente (hot, bottom) |
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Dependency theory? |
Expansion of European capitalism created Latin America condition of underdevelopment (core/periphery model) -Created economic integration within Latin America and dominance if US market |
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Dollarization? |
Latin American/Caribbean countries changing currency to math the US dollar so the economy remains more stable |
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Characteristics of squatter settlements in Latin America |
Makeshift housing on land not legally owned or rented by urban migrants, usually in unoccupied spaces in or near a rapidly growing city -Lima, Peru |
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What are columbias FRAC and ELN? |
FARC- revolutionary armed forces ELN- National Liberation army -Guerilla groups that fight against columbian government -control large portion of the country through intimidation and violence |
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Grassification? |
the removal of tropical forests for pastures |
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Import substitution? |
Policies that foster domestic industry by imposing inflated tariffs on all imported goods
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Maquiladora |
Factories bordering the Mexico border with the US, offer cheaper manufacturing and jobs for those who live on the border 4000 plants 1 million workers 80% goods resent to US |
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MERCOSUR? |
Formed in 1991 Regional trade organization aimed to establish a common market and trade policy toward outside nations Composed of Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil Free trade zones in 1990 unrestricted trade between 4 coutnries |
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Which notice american group lived in the Valley Of Mexico? |
Aztecs |
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What makes the amazon river distinctive? |
-Largest river by volume -2nd in length -draws from 9 countries |
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How far did mexico city sink in the 1990s? |
30 ft |
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Members of the North American Free Trade Agreement? |
US Canada Mexico |
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How many major river basins in South America? |
2-Amazon and Plata basin |
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Residents needed to qualify as a megacity? |
more than 10 million |
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Treaty of Tordesillas? |
Established in 1494 Sanctioned by Papal Bull in 1506 -Divided South america in Brazil, Portugal had east, Spain had west |
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Products to Europe as part of the Columbian Exchange? |
Introduction of new species from europe to the americas -Wheat, cattlem horses by colonial power |
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Two largest cities in Latin america? |
1. Sao Paulo 2. Mexico City |
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Altiplano? |
Developed areas in mountains values by Inca empire -treeless elevated plain in Bolivia and Peru |
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Neoliberal economic development? |
Policies: stress privatization, export production, and few restrictions on imports Benefits: increased trade |
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What allowed syncretic religions to endure Latin America? |
Allows animist practices to be included in Christian worship |
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Mestizo? |
Mixed ancestors- native american and european |
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Remittances |
money sent back home |
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Creolization? |
Blending of Africa, European, and America Culture elements ex. language music |
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Cause of deforestation of the islands of the caribbean? |
Sugar can production and cooking |
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Which American president was responsible for the Panama Canal? |
Teddy Roosevelt |
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US Virgin Islans? |
-Purchased from Denmark 1917 to keep islands for being used as German submarine bases -Us citizens and US territory |
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Caribbean Sea commercial fishing operations? |
The ocean ecosystem is so varied and vibrant that commercial fishing isn't profitable -The amount of one species is limited |
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Forest covering Haiti? |
Lost 97% if its original first cover |
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What secured Cuba's freedom from Spain? |
Spanish- American war |
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Squatter settlements in CUba? |
Don exist because of government housing |
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Islands of the Greater Antilles |
Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico |
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What people replaces slaves in the Caribbean after emancipation? |
South and southeastern Asians 40% of Trinidad South East Asian |
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Political Status of Puerto Rico? |
Puerto Rico (commonwealth) is not considered a state and its citizens are considered US citizens but they pain federal taxes |
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Mullato |
Mixed ancestry- European and African "little mule" "Good workers" |
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Where do Emigrants from the Caribbean go? |
Circular motion: free flow migration between two countries (Puerto Rico to US) |
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Haiti |
-Island of hispaniola -experiences a fatal earthquaked still recovering -frist spanish control then french pirates take over -french plantation owners bring slaves for workers -poorest country in americas -deforestation major issue |
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Maroon societies? |
Communities of runaway slaves |
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What is the source of the place-name "Caribbean"? |
Derived from the name of native people from the area Carbis |
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Agriculture in the Caribbean? |
-Plantations in humid political lowland (tierra caliente) -produce single export -capital and skills are imported -labor is seasonal -Northern European origins |
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Caribbean country with lowest rates of natural increase? |
Cuba |
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Population of Caribbean? |
43 million |
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Effects of global climate change in Caribbean |
-Seas level rise -increase intensity of storms (hurricanes) -variable rainfall leading to both flooding and drought -loss of biodiversity |
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Attraction of offshore banking in the Caribbean? |
Tax-exempt and confidential |
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How many people are fleeing Syria a day? Where are they entering? |
3000 Macedonia through Greece going to Western Europe |
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Who went to Moscow to speak to Vladimir Putin? |
King of Jordan, President of Egypt, Crown Prince of Adu Dhabi |
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President of south sudan signed what with who? |
Peace treaty with rebels |
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Why did officials from North and South Korea need to meet? |
Diffuse tension about artillery exchanges that occurred along the demilitarized zone |
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Why did Venezuela's government close the border with Columbia? |
3 smugglers shot and killed 3 soldiers |
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Who needs to reword their Referendum about wanting to stay as a what? |
Britain, staying a European Union |
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Why did millions of Indian workers go on strike? |
Government economic policies, shutting down most of the public transit system |
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Where were three men arrested for trying to carry a bomb into a shopping mall? |
Kenya |
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Why did fighting between Kurdish seaports forces and Turkish army intensify? |
Kurdish rebel attacks that killed 30 soldiers and policemen |
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What did Iran's supreme leader say in a speech? |
Israel will not exist in 25 years that the nuclear deal will not result in further talks with America on other issues |
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Who will be visiting the white house on Sept 25th? Where else will he travel? |
President of China, Seattle and New York |
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What troops are building up in Syria? How much of the country does the leader now have? |
Russian 25% |
