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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Periods of Prenatal Development |
Zygote (2 weeks) - Fertilization - Implantation - Start of placenta
Embryo (6 weeks) - Groundwork laid for all body structures and internal organ
Fetus (30 weeks) - "Growth and finishing" phase |
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Zygote |
As zygote moves down the fallopian tube, it duplicates, slowly at first and then more rapidly |
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Blastocyst |
Hollow & fluid-filled ball formed by the fourth day |
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Implantation |
End of first week, blastocyst begins to implant in the uterine lining |
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Period of the Fetus |
Third Month - Organs, muscles, nervous system start to become organized and connected - Lungs begin to expand and contract
Second Trimester: - Many organs well-developed by 20 weeks - Most of the brain's neurons are in place
Third Trimester: - Age of viability = 22-26 weeks - Fetus takes on beginning of personality |
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Teratogens |
Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period
Affected by: - Dose - Heredity - Age - Other negative influences |
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Teratogenic Substances |
Drugs: - Prescription - Nonprescription - Illegal Tobacco Alcohol Radiation Environmental Pollution Infectious Diseases |
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Maternal Factors in Prenatal Development |
Nutrition Emotional stress Rh factor incompatibility Age Lack of prenatal health care |
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Stages of Childbirth |
Dilation and effacement of the cervix Delivery of the baby Delivery of the placenta |
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Baby's Adaptation to Labor and Delivery |
High level of stress hormones - Help baby withstand oxygen deprivation - Prepare baby to breathe - Arouse infant to alertness |
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Apgar Scale |
Used to assess the newborn's physical condition quickly |
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Birth Complications |
Anoxia (oxygen deprivation) Breech position (butt first) |
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Medical Interventions in Childbirth |
Fetal Monitoring: Electric instruments that track the baby's heart rate during labor
Labor and delivery medication - Analgesics: drugs used to relieve pain, may be given in mild doses - Anesthetics: stronger type of painkiller that blocks sensation
Cesarean Delivery |
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Preterm Infants |
- Born several weeks or more before their due date - Weight may be appropriate for length of pregnancy |
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Small-for-Date Infants |
- May be either preterm or full-term - Below expected weight for length of pregnancy |
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Intervention for Preterm Infants |
Temperature-controlled isolette Special stimulation: - Gentle rocking - Visual or auditory stimulation - Touch, such as skin-to-skin kangaroo care
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Birth Complications and Resilience |
- Severe birth trauma is associated with long-term difficulties - Effects of mild to moderate trauma to depend on environment - Resilience plays a role in long-term adjustment |
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Newborn Reflexes |
Eye blink Rooting Sucking Moro Palmar grasp Tonic neck Stepping Babinski |
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Infant States of Arousal |
Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM) sleep Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement (NREM) sleep Drowsiness Quiet alertness Waking activity and crying |
