Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microbiology-
|
study of living things too small to see w/ naked eye
|
|
coined term cells, used compound microscope to determine large organisms composed of cells
|
Robert Hook
|
|
invented 1st simple microscope; discovered bacterial world
|
Antonie van Leewenhoek
|
|
developed taxonomic system
|
Carlos Linnaes
|
|
toxonomic system-
|
system for naming plants/animals & grouping similar organisms together (plant/animal kingdom)
|
|
1st to prove living things do not occur by ambiogenisis/spontaneous generation, made vaccines for anthrax/rabies (flask experiment)
|
Louis Pastuer
|
|
modified scientific method to prove that given pathogens caused specific disease; discovered specific agents that cause tb, cholera, anthrax (postulates)
|
Robert Koch
|
|
both used antiseptic to lower death rate in hospitals
|
Ignaz Semmelweis (child birth) & Joseph Lister (wounds)
|
|
founded modern nursing; introduced antiseptic into nursing practice
|
Florence Nightengale
|
|
invented vaccination; began immunology
|
Edward Jenner
|
|
3 types of RNA
|
messengerRNA, transferRNA, ribosomalRNA
|
|
What enzyme carries out transcription?
|
RNA polymerase
|
|
Pheonotype-
|
determines what we look like
|
|
Prokaryotic Cells
|
one, circular chromosome, no membrane bound organelles, super tight coils
|
|
Inclusions-
|
may or may not be present, flaw/refractile body in bacterial cell
|
|
flagellum-
|
polymers of single protein called flagelin, rotate like corkscrew, for motility
|
|
polymers-
|
chain of repeating units, formed through dehydration synthesis
|
|
dehydration synthesis-
|
loss of h20 molecule
|
|
hydrolysis-
|
loss of h20 molecule
|
|
glycosidic linkage-
|
hold glucose bonds together
|
|
amylose (polysaccharide)-
|
straight chain of glucose, digestable, used for glucose storage
|
|
cellulose (polysaccharide)-
|
large sheets of bonds, not digestable, used for structural support in plant cell walls
|
|
glycogen (polysaccharide)-
|
branched structure, digestable, used for glucose storage and structural support in bacteria cell walls
|
|
proteins have...
|
1+ polypeptides.
|
|
what is the backbone of a protein?
|
Amino Group + R-group (makes each AA different) + Carboxyl (acid) group
|
|
polar R group of protein contains
|
O and/or N.
|
|
non polar R group of protein contains
|
only C and/or N
|
|
Amino acids are linked by
|
peptide bonds.
|
|
peptide bonds form
|
polypeptides.
|
|
primary structure of protein-
|
one strand
|
|
secondary structure of protein-
|
helix or pleated sheet (one polypeptide).
|
|
tertiary structure of protein-
|
sum of all helix and pleated sheets on one polypeptide.
|
|
quaternary structure of protein-
|
2+ polypeptides put together.
|
|
What are the 4 functions of a protein?
|
1. transport substances 2. catalyze reactions 3. movement 4. structure
|
|
saturated lipids include-
|
tight packing (butter)
|
|
unsaturdated lipids include-
|
loose packing (oils)
|
|
what end of phospholipid is polar?
|
head
|
|
what end of phospholipid is non-polar?
|
tails
|
|
cholesterol-
|
stabilizes membranes, prevents abbrupt phase transitions in membranes (butter/oil)
|
|
Extremely Acidic to neutral =
|
increase H+ ions (0-7)
|
|
Neutral to Extremely basic=
|
increase of OH- ions (7-14)
|
|
nucleic acids=
|
DNA / RNA, polymers of nucleotides, store transmit genetic info
|
|
nucleic acids form by?
|
dehydration synthesis.
|
|
what bonds hold nucleic acids together?
|
phosphodiester bonds.
|
|
Semi Conservative-
|
the way DNA replicates, saves one old strand, copy new daughter strand
|
|
every living thing shares....
|
the genetic code
|
|
what determines what we will be?
|
sequence of the genetic code
|
|
Start codon-
|
AUG (Methionine)
|
|
Stop codon-
|
UAA, UAG, UGA (do not code for anything)
|
|
What are the 8 classifcations of Biology?
|
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species
|
|
6 things that make Prokaryotes different from Eukaryotes?
|
haploid, cell walls, unicellular, no membrane bound organelles, no nuclei, mostly small (bacteria / archaea)
|
|
6 things that make Eukaryotes different from Prokaryotes?
|
diploid, no cell wall, uni/mutilcellular, membrane bound organelles, nuclei, mostly large
|
|
eukaryotes include
|
fungi and protists
|
|
prokaryotes include
|
bacteria and archaea
|
|
characteristics of plantlike structures
|
algae, do not move, photosynthesis
|
|
characteristics of animal like structures
|
protozoa, move, no photosynthesis
|
|
tetrad-
|
group of 4
|
|
staphylococcus-
|
clustered
|
|
diplococcus-
|
2
|
|
streptococcus-
|
chain
|
|
palisade-
|
rods bent at an angle
|