Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Metabolism
|
The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
|
|
|
Catabolism
|
Chemical reactions that breakdown more complex organic molecules into simpler substances
Catabolic Release Energy |
|
|
Anabolism
|
Chemical reactions that combine simpler substances into more complex molecules
Anabolic Needs Energy |
|
|
Energy produced in Catabolic Reactions
|
Is used to fuel Anabolic Reactions
|
|
|
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP |
An important intracellular energy source
Energy created by chemical reactions |
|
|
Enzymes are proteins produced by
|
living cells that catalyze chemical reactions
|
|
|
Enzymes names end in
|
-ase
|
|
|
Enzymes are globular molecules
|
with specific 3D shape
|
|
|
If 3D shape is not maintained
|
The enzyme will not function
|
|
|
Enzymes are specific and generally are
|
only able to act in a catalyst in one type of reaction
|
|
|
Less energy is required for a reaction
|
if an enzyme is available to catalyze that reaction
|
|
|
Enzymes operate at relativcely low temps
|
And do not significantly raise the temp of the reaction
|
|
|
HOLOENZYME
|
An enzyme consisting of an apoenzyme and a cofactor
|
|
|
Most enzymes are holoenzymes
|
and are made of a protein portion apoenzyme & non protein part
|
|
|
APOENZYME
|
The protein portion of an enzyme which requires activation by a coenzyme
|
|
|
Cofactor Metal Ion
|
copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium
|
|
|
Cofactor complex organic molecule
|
coenzyme NAD+, NADP+
|
|
|
NAD+
|
A coenzyme that functions in the removal and transfer of hydrogfen ion (H+) and electrons from substrate molecules
|
|
|
NADP+
|
a coexzyme similar to NAD+
|
|
|
Hi temps denature enzymes
|
May or may not be reversable
|
|
|
What slows enzyme activity
|
Low temps
|
|
|
The pH at which enzyme activity is maximal
|
Optimum pH 6.5-7.5
|
|
|
Enzyme activity increases as
|
substrate concentration increases until enzymes are saturated
|
|
|
Inhibitors
|
adversely affect enzyme activity
|
|
|
Competitive Inhibitors
|
Compete with normal substrate for active part of the enzyme
|
|
|
Oxidation
|
removal of electrons or H+ from a molecule
lactic acid -> Pyruvic Acid |
|
|
Reduction
|
The gain of electrons o (H+) from a molecule
Pyruvic Acid -> Lactic Acid |
|
|
Plasmolysis
|
the osmotic loss of water from a bacterial cell that occurs when it is placed in a hypertonic environment
|
