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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanical isolation
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Genitalia unsuitable for one another
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Gamete isolation
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sperm cannot reach or fertilize egg
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Zygote mortality
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fertilization occurs, but zygote does not survive
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Hybrid sterility
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hybrid survives but is sterile and cannot reproduce
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F2 fitness
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hybrid is fertile, but F2 hybrid has reduced fitness
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Vicariance
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fragmentation of the environment. Large species to a couple of different species
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Dispersal
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species spreads or migrates from one area to another
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Parapatric speciation
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formation of a new species when populations inhabit neighboring areas but mate mostly among themselves
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Phylogenetic
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an adaptation is a derived character that evolved in response to a specific selective agent. feathers=display
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operational
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an adaptation is a phenotypic variant that results in the highest fitness among a specified set of variants in a given environment
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allometry
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change in proportion in various parts of an organism as a consequence of growth. beak grows larger
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pleiotrophy
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when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits. Ex: Sickel-cell anemia
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permineralisation
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minerals infiltrate the microscopic pores and cavities in bone, wood, or shell
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ontogeny
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the course of an individual's development
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phylogeny
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the course of evolutionary change in a group
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terminal definition
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evolution works by adding new stages on to the end of an organisms development. Thus its development would reiterate its evolutionary history-ORP is rejected
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Regulatroy genes
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control when and where other genes get turned on. can start a chain reaction of effects, turning on and off other genes
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Hox genes
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kepping organisms lay out head to tail normal
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Bone Morphogenesis Protein 4
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signals cells to produce bone. more robust beaks=more BMP4
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Austalopithecines
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4MYA to 1.5 MYA. gracile and robust;southern africa.
afaranis;lucy;eastern africa, oldest |
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homo habilis
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2.5 MYA to 1.44 MYA. brains: 700cc
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Homo Erectus
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1.9 MYA to 0.3 MYA
brains:1000 cc |
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Neanderthals
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larger brain than homo sapiens
we and neanderthals diverged from a common ancestor |
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homo floresienses
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the hobbit
94,000 to 13,000 years ago brain:380 cc |
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Ardipithecus
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4.4 MYA
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order of transition to land
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Eusthenopteron, Panderichthys, Tiktaalik, Acanthostega, and Ichthyostega
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Transition of birds
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Archaeopteryx, Sinosauropteryx, Caudipteryx, Ornithomimus, and Sinorithosaurus.
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Transition of Whales
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Elomeryx, Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rhodocetus, Basilosaurus, and Dorudon.
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sarcopterygii
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paired fins with muscular lobes
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archaeopteryx
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first known bird
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sinosauropteryx
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simple feathers
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ornithomimus
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feathers were for show
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sinornithosaurs
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gliding squirrel
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Pelycosaur
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joint runs through articular and quadrate bones
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true mammal's jaw
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joint runs through squamosal and dentary bones
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elomeryx
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member of artiodactyl
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Pakicetus
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56 MYA, size of wolf
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Ambulocetus
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50 MYA, aligator
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Rhodocetus
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47 MYA
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Basilosaurus
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sea serpent, 37 MYA
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involucrum
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a thickened lip of bone on the inside of the middle ear cavity for whales
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artiodactyls
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even toed ungulates
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astragulus
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double pulley, talus bone
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teleonomic
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ana daaptation is some sort of biological machinery or process shaped by natural selection to help solve one or more problems faced by the organisms. purpose is problem solving.
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