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22 Cards in this Set
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Heritability in population 0.8 Mean size for the population 11mm Mean size for the produced 13.5mm What is the expected mean size for the next generation? I expect the mean size in the next generation to be ____ mm. |
h^2=0.8 P*=13.5 P-Bar=11 S=P*-(P-Bar)=13.5-11=2.5=S R=(h^2)S=0.8 x 2.5=2 11+2=13 Answer=13 |
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Heritability in population 0.8 Mean size for the population 11mm Mean size for the produced 13.5mm If the heritability was changed to 0.2 would the next generation be bigger or smaller? |
Heritability @ 0.8 answer=13 h^2=0.2 P*=13.5 P-Bar=11 S=P*-(P-Bar)=13.5-11=2.5=S R=(h^2)S=0.2 x 2.5=0.511+0.5=11.5 Answer=smaller |
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Can the selection differential be negative? |
Yes, if the favored next generation is to be smaller then the selection differential will be negative. |
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What do these variables stand for? P* P-Bar h^2 H^2 Vg Vp |
P* = Mean Parental Population P-Bar = Mean Population h^2 = Narrow Sense Heritability H^2 = Broad Sense Heritability Vg = Gene Variation Vp = Phenotypical Variation |
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Define inbreeding depression |
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding. |
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Which one of the following statements most accurately characterizes the Muller's ratchet model for the selective advantage of serial reproduction? A. Genetic drift in asexual populations results in the chance elimination of chromosomes with few deleterious mutations. B. Asexual reproduction recreates chromosomes, or chromosome regions, with zero deleterious mutations. C. In populations with sexual reproduction, deleterious mutations accumulate, eventually imposing such a burden that the population goes extinct. D. New mutations do not arise on chromosomes harboring deleterious alleles. |
A. Genetic drift in asexual populations results in the chance elimination of chromosomes with few deleterious mutations. |
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Male organism has dull Grey coloration and the female organism has same dull Grey coloration on back but their heads have bright colorations. Which gender takes care of the spawn, maternal or paternal care? |
Extensive paternal care and little maternal care |
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Which one of the following is likely NOT a mechanism that had evolved in response to sperm competition? A. Males produce increased amounts of sperm per ejaculate. B. Males guard females after copulation. C. Males produce short-lived sperm. D. Males remove sperm from the female reproductive tract. |
C. Males produce short-lived sperm. |
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Choose the phrase below that best completes the sentence. "Extreme traits in males, but not females of a species . . ." A. Can be explained by the red queen hypothesis. B. Can be explained by Muller's Ratchet. C. Can be explained by male sensory bias. D. Can be explained by the good genes hypothesis. |
D. Can be explained by the good genes hypothesis. |
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When comparing the same gene from two different species, a dn/ds rate ratio significantly greater than 1.0 is a strong indication of: A. A history of positive selection. B. A history of only purifying selection. C. A history of only neutral evolution. D. A history of genetic drift. |
A. A history of positive selection. |
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DNA substitutions that accumulate along diverging lineages: A. Are due to beneficial mutations only. B. Accumulate at a rate independent of population size. C. Are mutations that have not yet fixed in populations. D. Accumulate independent of genetic drift. |
B. Accumulate at a rate independent of population size. |
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What is Muller's Rachet? |
The accumulation of deleterious mutations which may lead to eventual extinction. This only occurs if recombination is absent, population size is finite, almost no back mutations occur, slightly deleterious mutation rates are high and purifying selection is too weak to remove all new deleterious mutations. |
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What does dn stand for? |
Rate of non-synonymous substitution |
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What does ds stand for? |
Rate of synonymous substitution |
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If dn/ds = 1 then . . . |
No purifying selection |
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If dn/ds < 1 then. . . |
Purifying selection |
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If dn/ds > 1 then . . . |
Positive selection |
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What is the Red Queen Hypothesis? |
Run twice as fast to get somewhere |
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What are two mechanisms for sexual selection? |
1. Contest between males for access 2. Females preference of phenotype |
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What is Ontology? |
The theory of being |
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What is Epistemology? |
The theory of knowledge |
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What is a cryptic species? |
Look alike but are different |
