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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What does p2 (squared) represent in the hardy-weinberg equation? |
Number of homozygous dominant individuals (two copies of the dominant allele) (submitted by Mr. A) (LO 1.7) |
p2+2pq+q2 = 1 |
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How old is the earliest fossil evidence of life? |
3.5 Billion Years Ago (BYA)
- bacteria (Mr. A) (EK 1D.2, LO 1.32) |
http://phys.org/news/2013-01-earliest-evidence-life-billion-years.html |
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Which cause of evolution is most likely to lead to genetic drift? |
Small populations:
Bottleneck/Founder Effect (Mr. A) (EK 1A.3, LO 1.6, 1.7) |
Genetic drift: random fluctuations in allele frequency not related to fitness. |
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What are some structures common to all Eukaryotes? |
Cytoskeleton, Mitochondria, Linear chromosomes (as opposed to circular), and Endomembrane systems (e.g. Nuclear envelope).
(Mr. A) (EK 1B.1 LO 1.15) |
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DNA and RNA are carriers of genetic information through what processes? |
transcription translation replication |
submitted by Albert N. |
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Where can phylogenetic trees and cladograms be constructed from? |
DNA and protein sequence similarities, as well as from morphological (structure) similarities of living or fossil species. |
Examples of programs utilized for this include the GenBank website!!! submitted by Albert N. |
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What are the conditions for a population or an allele to be at Hardy Weinberg equilibrium? |
1) Large Population 2) No Migration 3) No Net Mutations 4) Random Mating 5) No Selection |
Opposite of the Hand Model. Submitted by: Chenny L
(Great hint - Mr. A) |
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What is thought to be the earliest genetic material? |
RNA |
Submitted by: Chenny L |
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What is evolution? |
A change in a population over a long period of time, due to an ever-changing environment |
Submitted by: Manveer K |
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What is Darwin's theory of natural selection? |
No organism can choose to have a trait or not, its the environment that selects the best fit organism to survive and reproduce. |
Its in the textbook Submitted by: Manveer K |
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When is widespread adaptive radiation most likely to happen? |
After a mass extinction. (Submitted By Abraham W.) |
When are many ecological niches emptied? |
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The reason that marsupials developed mostly in Australia is likely because of which cause of speciation? |
Geographic Isolation. (Submitted by Abraham W.) |
Australia is seperated from all other continents. |
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What does q2 (squared) represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation? |
The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype. (Submitted by Jasneet K.) |
p2+2pq+q2= 1 |
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What is sexual selection? |
A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates. (Submitted by Jasneet K.) |
Male peacocks use their feathers to attract female peacocks. |
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What are three types of Natural Selection |
Disruptive Selection Directional Selection Stabilizing Selection |
submitted by: Quynh Nguyen |
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What is taxonomy? |
Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.
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submitted by: Quynh Nguyen |
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What is speciation? |
Speciation is the process in which different species emerge from a common ancestor species. Usually this begins when populations of the same species become geographically isolated. |
Submitted by: Snehpreet Kaur |
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What are phenotypic variations? |
Phenotypic variations are caused by random changes in the DNA and through new gene combinations. |
Hint: These variations are not directed by the environment. Submitted by: Snehpreet Kaur |
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What are some pre-zygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation? |
Habitat: Living organisms cannot mate, because they are unable to meet.(aka "geographical isolation") Mechanical: In where different species have different mating organs , so they are unable to mate. Mating season: In where they have different times when they are ready to mate.(aka "temporal isolation") |
Submitted by: Jessica Zepeda |
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What are some post-zygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation? |
Hybrid Viability: When the hybrid dies prematurely. Fertility: Even if offspring is reproduced with different species, they are usually infertile because of random mixed numbers of chromosomes. |
Submitted by: Jessica Zepeda |
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What sort of molecular building blocks would be necessary to have the first "living" cell be able to self-replicate? |
Amino acids (for proteins) Nucleotides (for making new RNA) Lipids (for membrane) |
(Mr. A) |
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What are the different types of sexual selection?
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Intersexual and Intrasexual INTRA = within INTER = between Intrasexual selection is selection within the same sex. For example, some male animals compete against one another |
Submitted by Andriana Mendoza
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What are some examples of phenotypic variation?
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Sickle cell anemia, DDT resistance in insects, Peppered moth
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Submitted by Andriana Mendoza
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What does the RNA World hypothesis propose?
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RNA was the earliest genetic material.
Able to catalyze reactions. Able to self-replicate. |
Submitted by Andriana Mendoza
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What are the three main types of evolution? |
Convergent, Divergent and Parallel |
Not the five fingers! Submitted by Gracia Mwamba. |
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What served as a main proof of evolution in Darwin's study of the finches of the Galapagos Islands? |
The change in beaks dependent on the food each bird ate. |
Yummy. Submitted by Gracia Mwamba. |
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What is artificial selection? |
Selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits against nature. |
Labra-doodles. Submitted by Gracia Mwamba. |
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What is some evidence to support the theory of evolution? |
~Direct observation ~Drug resistant HIV ~Fossil Record ~Homologous structures found common in species |
Textbook: Chapter 22, Unit 4. Pages 460-464 Submitted by Gracia Mwamba. |
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What is the ultimate source of new alleles? |
Mutations. |
Change. Text book, unit 4. Submitted by Gracia Mwamba. |
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What is the bottleneck effect and what can cause it? |
It is the survival of a significantly small proportion of alleles cause by a severe drop in population size. |
Think 'size'. Submitted by Gracia Mwamba. |
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What are "dominant" and "recessive"? |
The inheritance pattern of certain traits. (a dominant allele can mask a recessive allele, causing recessive traits to "skip" generations) |
Hint: NOT common / rare Another Hint: Socks (Suryekiran Sharma) |
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What is asexual reproduction? |
Offspring arises from a single organism (no sex). |
(Surykiran Sharma) |
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In what layer of rock would you find the oldest fossils? |
In the bottom layer. |
(Surykiran Sharma) |
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What is evolutionary fitness measured by? |
Reproductive Success |
(Ken A.) |
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How are most organisms related? |
Common ancestral origin |
(Ken A.) |
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How do you set up the letters on Hardy weinberg to solve for Heterzygotes? |
1. Identify if homozygous recessive (q squared) is given. Convert from percentage to decimal if necessary.
2. Take the square root. (giving you the value of q). 3. Calculate the value of p (1-q). 4. Plug 'p' and 'q' into the part of the HW equation that represents Heterozygotes (2pq). |
Hint: Start by solving for "q" |
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What is the difference between phenotype and genotype |
The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. The phenotype is the physical expression, or characteristics, of that trait
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Jazmin Aguas |
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What were the likely Geographic conditions on early earth? |
Rafts of solid rock on magma, followed by cooling and formation of oceans as water vapors cooled. |
Hint: Pangea? Temperature? |
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What sort of Gasses were present in early earth? |
Nitrogen Water Vapor Carbon Dioxide Methane Ammonia (NH4) (almost NO Oxygen) |
It would suck for us to live there... |
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How did Giraffes get longer necks? |
Individuals born with slightly longer necks (due to mutation) were better able to survive (eat) and reproduce. Over many generations, such variations continued to be favored, slightly increasing average neck length over time. Stretching a neck after birth does not alter the gene pool. |
Lamarck was wrong... |
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What is a vestigial structure? |
an organ or other body structure that no longer serves an active function in an extant species but that provides additional evidence of common ancestry. |
Hint: human yolk sac |
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How can convergent evolution make constructing a cladogram more challenging? |
Convergent evolution: similar traits from separate ancestors. e.g. bat wing / bird wing. Not to be confused with a derived characteristic (from a shared ancestor). |
Bats and birds |
