Evolution ~ History Of Life 2

Front 1

Cenozoic era

Back 1

Tertiary and Quaternary periods

Front 2

Tertiary

Back 2

65-1.8 MYA
-North America and Asia/Russia separate but remain connected by the Bering Land Bridge until 4.8-7.4 MYA; modern families of frogs, birds, mammals, angiosperms, insects, etc. present; India collides with Asia to form Himalayas; Africa collides with southwestern Asia; Isthmus of Panama forms, Hominidae present (late Tertiary)

Front 3

Quaternary

Back 3

1.8 MYA-present
-At least 4 major glacial advances; last glaciation maximum at about 18,000 years ago; exponential human population growth

Front 4

pattern thru time

Back 4

diversification followed by mass extinction, mass extinctions open up new niches that facilitate diversification

Front 5

Unaltered remains

Back 5

– e.g., insects in amber, mammoths in ice

Front 6

stromatolites

Back 6

first fossil organisms, formed by something like cyanobacteria

Front 7

synapomorphies in tree of life

Back 7

genetic code, process of protein synthesis, l-isomers of amino acids

Front 8

Types of fossils

Back 8

compression & impression, permineralized, unaltered remains

Front 9

Compression and impression fossils

Back 9

casts and molds – e.g., footprints in mud

Front 10

Permineralized fossils

Back 10

– e.g., dinosaur parts, petrified wood -not the original material but what it was replaced with

Front 11

14 billion years ago

Back 11

– universe came into existence

Front 12

4.6 bya

Back 12

– our solar system was formed (including Earth)

Front 13

3.8 bya

Back 13

– oldest known rocks on Earth

Front 14

3.5 bya

Back 14

– first fossil organisms (bacteria-like microfossils and layered mounds called stromatolites)