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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylogeny |
A visual representation of the evolutionary history of populations, genes and species |
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Tips |
Terminal ends of of an evolutionary tree representing species, molecules or populations being compared |
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Branches |
Lineages evolving between successive speciation events |
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Node |
A point where a lineage splits (speciation event) |
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Internal Node |
Nodes within a phylogeny representing ancestral populations or species |
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Clade |
An organism and all of its descendants |
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Monophyletic |
A term used to describe a group of organisms that form a Clade |
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Characters |
Heritable aspects of organisms that can be compared across taxa |
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Taxon |
A group of organisms that a taxonomist judges to be a taxonomic unit, such as a species or order |
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Synapomorphy |
A shared derived character |
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Cladistics |
Phylogenetic methods that construct trees by grouping taxa into nested hierarchies (clades) according to their shared derived characters (synapomorphies) |
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Homoplasy |
Character state similarity not due to shared descent |
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Convergent evolution |
The independent origin of similar traits in separate evolutionary lineages |
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Evolutionary reversal |
The reversion of a derived character state to its ancestral trait |
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Out group |
A group of organisms that is outside of the Monophyletic group under consideration, but closely related to that group. In phylogenetic studies, out groups a be used to infer the ancestral states of characters |
