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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is evolution?
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This is change in allele frequencies over time. (An allele frequency is a proprtion of alleles of a given type at a given locus)
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Does a change in genotype frequency cause evolution?
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no
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What is the equation for the allele frequency, how do you determine allele frequency?
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1. Know this is not phenotype but it is either big A or lil a.
2. You can count all the alleles and then do a proportion 3. Or once you know the genotype use the equation (homo (either a or A)) + 1/2Q(heterozygote) |
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What are the assumptions of Hardy Weinberg?
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No random mating
-This is because this assumption means genotype frequencies can be predicted from allele frequencies No gene flow no mutation no selection infinite population size = no drift -All other four mean none of the four evolutionary forces change allele frequencies |
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What is the hardy-weinberg equation?
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P^2 +2pq +Q^2
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If you know the allele frequencies in a population and H-W conditions are true then you can use the H-W to predict _____ ______
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genotype frequencies
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You can always deduce ____ frequecies from _____ frequencies even when H-W CONDITIONS ARE NOT MET!!!
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Allele; genotype
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If H-W conditions met then what equation is true?
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P^2+2PQ+Q^2=1
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What are the steps for the Hardy Weinberg equation?
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Calculate observed genotype frequencies(looking at our population)
Infer allele freq from genotype frequencies (P+1/2Q) or (R+1/2Q) Predict genotype from assuming random mating (under HW conditions |
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If you get to the last step of the predicted genotype frequencies are the same as the calculated observed genotype frequencies, what can you infer?
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All the H-W conditions
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Each population with genotype frequencies along any vertical line is in ______-_______ (this is covering the graph that is drew in notes)
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H-W Equilibrium
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When there is selection against recessive allele a, will the population be fixed for A?
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No, because the heterozygous Aa will be neither be inferior or superior so the a will persit and this will cause the A to not become fixed
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When there is selection against dominant allele, is the population fixed for a?
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Yes
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If there are genetically based diseased, where would this most likely to be found?
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Selection against the recessive, because the genetic disease are able to remain due to heterozygous?
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Under heterozygote advantage, allele frequencies stabilize at some intermediate ______ ________
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Equilibrium frequenceies
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Is the equilibrium frequency necessarily 50:50?
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No it depends on the exact values of s and t
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What is an example of heterozygote advanage?
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Sickle-cell anemia
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