Evolution Lecture 1

Front 1

Charles Lyell

Back 1

Popularized Uniformitarianism

Hint 1

The way things happen today should be applied to past events unless you have strong evidence that things might have been different.

Front 2

Lamarck

Back 2

Environment influences traits that are then passed on to offspring.

Hint 2

Use/disuse theory

Front 3

Cuvier

Back 3

Confirmed that extinction was real. Created notion of phyla.

Hint 3

Found evidence of five floods and that the ladder of life had branches.

Front 4

Deep Time

Back 4

the multimillion year time frame within which scientists believe the earth has existed

Hint 4

If you apply uniformitarianism, then the earth seems to be unbelievable old

Front 5

Epigenetics

Back 5

study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself

Hint 5

Lamarck is being resurrected somewhat

Front 6

Erasmus Darwin

Back 6

Darwin's Grandfather never developed a theory, but may have been the first Darwinist

Hint 6

These, as successive generations bloom, New powers acquire, and larger limbs assume; Whence countless groups of vegetation spring, And breathing realms of fin, and feet, and wing.

Front 7

Chambers

Back 7

Published a book on evolution ANONYMOUSLY. Not accepted by scientists

Hint 7

Advocated the idea that species were not fixed

Front 8

Darwin's First Career

Back 8

Medical School

Hint 8

Dropped out; couldn't stand surgery without anestisia

Front 9

Plutonism vs Neptunism

Back 9

Mountains created by tectonic/volcanic activity vs the ocean

Hint 9

Darwin discovered a bed of mussels had been lifted 8 feet after a Chilean earthquake

Front 10

Fuegians

Back 10

A native was taken to Europe and civilized; upon his return he reverted to his native ways

Hint 10

Failed social experiment on Jemmy Button

Front 11

Malthus

Back 11

Showed exponential population growth is limited by resources. The poor create overpopulation, so stop supporting the poor!

Hint 11

Darwin adopted his ideas to apply to animals. Natural selection!

Front 12

Original word for evolution

Back 12

Transmutation

Front 13

Original phrasing of survival of the fittest

Back 13

Struggle for existence through natural selection

Front 14

Owen

Back 14

Jealous of Darwin, tried to sabotage all Darwin's friends. Coined the term "Dinosauria"

Hint 14

Gave Wilberforce information to use in the famous debate

Front 15

Anaximander

Back 15

Proposed a mechanistic view of the Earth and heavens

Hint 15

Early cosmologist

Front 16

Aristotle

Back 16

Made observations then deductions. Close to experimentation, but no cigar!

Hint 16

"We must not accept a general principle from logic only, but must prove its application"

Front 17

Inductive Reasoning

Back 17

Consider data and construct an explanation of the data

Front 18

Deductive Reasoning

Back 18

Use logical argumentation. Fit data to existing or pre-conceived theories or explanations

Front 19

William Paley

Back 19

If a watch needs a watchmaker, living organisms require a conscious designer

Hint 19

Watchmaker Theory

Front 20

Hume

Back 20

Are watches and living organisms similar enough for the Watchmaker Theory to hold? If organisms are 10^10 more complex than watches, then our watchmaker must be...

Hint 20

Argued against the Watchmaker Theory

Front 21

Methodological Naturalism

Back 21

To study nature as part of a scientific enterprise, one can only make use of methods that are open to human senses.

Front 22

Redi

Back 22

Proved maggots did not arise through spontaneous generation by laying out covered and non-covered jars with meat in them.

Hint 22

Maggot Experiment

Front 23

Father of Uniformitarianism

Back 23

James Hutton

Front 24

Ship Darwin traveled on

Back 24

Beagle, with Captain Robert FitzRoy, father of meteorology

Front 25

Henslow

Back 25

Encouraged Darwin to go on the Beagle

Hint 25

Darwin's mentor

Front 26

Darwin's Wife and Cousin

Back 26

Emma Wedgwood Darwin

Hint 26

Clerical Assistant

Front 27

Darwin's Pigeons

Back 27

Used pigeon breeding to explain artificial selection

Front 28

Wallace

Back 28

Developed a theory of evolution independently of Darwin

Hint 28

Sent Darwin a letter with his findings, which were presented by Hooker and Lyell

Front 29

Transformational vs Variational Processes

Back 29

A mallet pounding coarse particles into fine dust VS a sift separating fine dust from coarse particles

Front 30

Independent Progression of Evolution vs Branching Tree of Life

Back 30

Lamarck vs Darwin

Front 31

Great Evolution Debate

Back 31

Huxley vs Wilberforce

Hint 31

Owen helped Wilberforce prepare

Front 32

William Dallinger

Back 32

Grew protozoa for seven years, slowly raising the temperature from 60F to 158F. At the end he had protozoa that grew at 158F and died at 60F.

Hint 32

Provided experimental evidence for Darwinian adaption

Front 33

Fleeming Jenkin

Back 33

Said Darwin's ideas failed due to blending inheritance

Hint 33

A beneficial trait in one generation will be diluted in the next

Front 34

Lord Kelvin (William Thomson)

Back 34

Calculated it would take a molten ball 20 million years to turn into the current Earth, through thermodynamic, which worried Darwin

Hint 34

Calculated assuming the Earth's core was stationary (conduction) when it is actually moving (convection)