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15 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Define Evolution

Change in allele fréquence in a population over time.

What is a point mutation?

Change of a single base in DNA.

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Change in a section of a chromosome.

When do chromosomal mutations occur?

During prophases of meiosis I (crossing over/ recombination)

Define, in the evolutionary sense, a species.

populations of individuals that can interbreed and outside of which they do not interbreed.

Define genetic variation.

The number and evenness of alleles at a locus, and allele combinations at loci.

What are Darwin's 4 postulates of Evolution by Natural Selection?

1. Individuals of a population vary.


2. That variation heritable.


3. More are born that will survive to reproduce.


4. Some variants survive & reproduce at higher rates than others (due to heritable variation).

What is the unit of evolution?

Populations

What are Mendel's 2 Laws?

1. The Law of Segregation


2. The Law of Independence Assortment

How are new alleles created?

Through mutation

What are the 4 evolutionary mechanisms?

1. Natural Selection


2. Mutation


3. Random Genetic Drift


4. Gene Flow

What creates genetic variation?

1. Mutations


2. Sexual reproduction

What is the Law of Segregation (Mendel)?

The alleles at a locus are passed down seperately/independently.

What is the Law of Independent Assortment (Mendel)?

Chromoses are not passed down whole, they are mixed during recombination.

What are the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions?

1. No Natural Selection


2. No Mutation


3. No Migration


4. No Genetic Drift (Large Population Size)


5. Random Mating