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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Analogous

Similar function but different origin (octapus and human eye)

Homologous

Common origin different function (whale flipper, horse hoof)

Polyploidy

Increase in the number of chromosomes

Pseudogenes

Duplicates genes that have lost their functions and are considered 'strong evidence for evolution'

Directional

Favors extremes

Stabilizing

Normal phenotype is favored

Disruptive

Both extremes favored but normal selected against

Sexual

Favours traits influencing reproductive success

Commulative

Gradual accumulation of a series of beneficial mutations over time

Genetic drift

Difference in gene pool between population. Causes random small isolated populations

Bottleneck effect

Catastrophes can leave few survivors, eliminating or decreasing certain alleles in the pop

Founder effect

Random individuals starting a population

Allopatric speciations

Caused by geographic or physical barriers

Sympatric speciations

Caused by mutated behaivor

Macroevolution

Species evolves according to its environment, small changes, doesn't completely change the individual. Eg finches

Vestigial evolution

Features that seem to have no purpose, evolutionary baggage

Prezygotic

Prevents fertilization

Postzygotic

Prevents fertilized egg from growing into a viable, reproductive adult

Adaptive radiation

Species diversities into multiple distinct but closely related species

Convergent evolution

Similarities between distantly related species occupying the same niche

Divergent evolution

Species is disrupted by selective pressures into several new species