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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Species

Organisms are able to mate and produce fertile offspring

Importance of Variation

Variations lead to adaptations which can species alive

Niche

Where an organism lives and their impact on their environment

Biodiversity

Variety of living things in a community


It can change over time

What are fossils?

Evidence of Prehistoric life (imprints, skeletons...)

Where are Fossils found?

Sedimentary Rock

Why are there gaps in the Fossil Record?

We haven't discovered transition stages, natural disasters have destroyed many fossils

Who was Bonnet?

Bonnet believed that the environment shaped evolution

Who was Weismann?

He disproved Lamarck's theory that acquired traits are passed on by cutting of mice tails. In the end the lack of a tail wasn't passed on

Who was Lamarck?

He had three theories, 2 of which were correct


1. Theory of need


2. Theory of use and disuse


3. Theory of acquired characteristics

Evolution

Change over time

Who influenced Darwin?

Thomas Malthus (Believed in overpopulation)


Charles Lyell (Believed in Uniformitarianism)


Family


Mentor


Time on the HMS Beagle (Most important)

Darwin's Theory of Evolution

1. Organism Overproduce


2. Variation (advantage vs. disadvantages)


3. Struggle to survive


4. Survival of the fittest


5. Natural selection (those who survive pass on their traits)

Gradualism

one species evolves gradually over time

Punctuated Equilibrium

Species quickly evolve in spurts

Significance of the fossil record of a horse

We have gathered almost all of the fossil record of horses and it shows gradualism

Homologous structure

structures that are the same in function (bat wing and human hand)

Vestigal structure

structures that are no longer used (appendix)

Analogous structure

structures with different origins, but same use

Comparative Embryology

comparing various stages of evolution


(embryonic development affects evolution)

biochemistry

organisms have similar blood types, hormones... how close the hormones and blood types are, are how close the blood types are in origin

genetics

DNA to see how closely related we are to other organisms (best one)

Speciation

one species developing into multiple species

How does speciation occur?

Through isolation and adaptation

Convergent vs. Divergent

convergent- many species becoming similar or developed similarly




divergent- one species developing and branching off into many (speciation)

What is coevolution

when species evolved together (birds fly south at the same time that flies hatch- food and population control)

Adaptive Radiation

when one species breaks off into many quickly because of environmental factors