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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a species? |
A group of animals that are able to Mate and produce offspring
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What is temporal isolation?
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When two populations reproduce at different times so that they cannot reproduce together.
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What is equilibrium?
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Little or no change/ stable
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What is gradualism?
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When the rate of change is slow
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What is punctuate equilibrium?
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Spurts of change interspersed with gradual change
Example: mass extinction |
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What is coevolution?
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Changes in two organisms in relationship to another
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How can extinction be good?
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It opens up an opportunity for other species
Example: when the dinosaurs died it opened up opportunity for mammals |
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What is adaptive radiation
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A short time frame where species Evolves to occupy habitants and niches.
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What is abiogenesis?
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The theory where non living things can be transformed into living things
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What are Darwins 5 theories
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1. Variation (natural selection)
2. Over production (too much offspring) 3. Struggle for existence (competition) 4. Survival of the fittest 5. Speciation (evolution of new Species) |
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What does adaption mean?
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An inherited trait or set of traits that improve the chance of survival and reproduction.
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What is a fossil? How are they formed?
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Evidence of ancient life in the form of shells, bones, imprints, traces.
Hard parts of animals (bones, teeth, shells) resist from weathering especially in fry places. |
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What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
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Homologous: similar origin but different uses. Ex: elephant and a human have the same origin in their arms but the bones are for different uses
Analogous: different origin but similar functions ex: the flippers on a shark and on a dolphin both swim but have completely different bones inside |
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What are the three types of adaptation & examples
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Structural: how their bodies are build to survive and reproduce ex: fur on animals
Physiological: "chemical", how their insides work ex: poisons Behavioural: how they act in nature ex: hibernation/ migration |
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What is the difference between direct and indirect evidence of evolution?
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Direct: change in a long time in a population. Ex: fossils, petrification
Indirect: comparative anatomy, physiological, biochemical evidence |
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What is the difference between direct and indirect evidence of evolution?
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Direct: change in a long time in a population. Ex: fossils, petrification
Indirect: comparative anatomy, physiological, biochemical evidence |
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What is speciation?
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The evolution of a new species
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What is the difference between geographic isolation and reproductive isolation? Give examples
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Geographic: when something geographical gets in the way of two organisms reproducing ex: mountains, Rivers
Reproductive: when something gets in the way of the reproductive cycle |
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What is the difference between geographic isolation and reproductive isolation? Give examples
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Geographic: when something geographical gets in the way of two organisms reproducing ex: mountains, Rivers
Reproductive: when something gets in the way of the reproductive cycle |
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What are the 5 conditions that will disrupt genetic equilibrium and result in evolution?
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1. Non-random mating
2. Small population 3. Immigration/ emigration 4. Mutations 5. Natural selection |
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What is the difference between geographic isolation and reproductive isolation? Give examples
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Geographic: when something geographical gets in the way of two organisms reproducing ex: mountains, Rivers
Reproductive: when something gets in the way of the reproductive cycle |
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What are the 5 conditions that will disrupt genetic equilibrium and result in evolution?
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1. Non-random mating
2. Small population 3. Immigration/ emigration 4. Mutations 5. Natural selection |
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What are vestigial structures?
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Body parts that are no longer in use ex: hips on snakes
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What is the difference between geographic isolation and reproductive isolation? Give examples
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Geographic: when something geographical gets in the way of two organisms reproducing ex: mountains, Rivers
Reproductive: when something gets in the way of the reproductive cycle |
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What are the 5 conditions that will disrupt genetic equilibrium and result in evolution?
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1. Non-random mating
2. Small population 3. Immigration/ emigration 4. Mutations 5. Natural selection |
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What are vestigial structures?
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Body parts that are no longer in use ex: hips on snakes
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What is biogeography?
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The study where organisms now live and where their ancestors lived in the past
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What is behavioural isolation? |
When two different populations have behaviours and keep them from reproducing.
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what is convergent evolution? |
when organisms not related begin to evolve to have similar traits. |
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what is divergent evolution? |
when the accumulation of differences can form a new species but usually ends in diffusion of the same species. |
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What is gene flow? |
Immigration: the movement of a species into a population, new genes being added to the gene pool Emigrations: the movement of a species out of a population, genes being taken out of the gene pool |
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What is genetic drift? |
when allele frequencies in a population change over time just by chance. |
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What is a gene pool? |
all of the genes that can occur in a specific population |
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what is a hybrid? |
offspring that are different from their parents in one or more traits |
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What is allele frequency? |
the frequency of a particular allele in a population. some are more common than others. |
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Segregation: |
the separation of paired genes. |
