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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of Adaption during Evolution? |
1. Behavioral - migration 2. Functional - life span 3. Structural - root system |
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What are carriers? |
Carriers are heterozygous organisms that have one sample of the variation, rather than two (needed to be seen). This variation could be passed down through generations unnoticed and could save or destroy a life. |
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What are the two types of variation during evolution? |
Genetic - recombination, independent assortment and mutation Environmental - biotic or abiotic
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What is Mutation? |
Mutation is a variation in a DNA sample that has duplicated itself millions of times and now has some effect on the inhabiter. They are unlikely to survive and can be passed genetically through generations by gamete cells. |
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What is a species? |
Species are a group of individual organisms that can interbreed. |
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Micro-evolution |
- Adaption and changes within a SPECIES |
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Macro-evolution |
- Adaption of new traits or a transition to a NEW species - supported by evidence |
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What are the four ways of evidence of evolution? |
1. Fossil record 2. Biogeography 3. Comparing Embryos 4. Comparative DNA studies |
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What are the steps of evolution? |
1. Variation present 2. Excess of offspring 3. Natural Selection - some die due to biotic and abiotic factors only leaving the best adapted (survival of the fittest) 4. Adapted organisms reproduce 5. Next generation 'better adapted' |
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What are chromosomes? |
Chromosomes are structures that exist in every cell in an organism. They exist in the nuclei of cells; both gamete's and autosomes. In the body there are 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex cells. |
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What is DNA? |
DNA is made up of the four nucelotides; thymine, guanine, cytosine and adenine. These four nitrogen bases link together to form the double-helix shape of DNA. Within this structure, Thymine can only link to Adenine and Guanine to Cytosine. These pairs create a strong bond when together which is how the double helix stays together. |
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What is the triplet-code? |
The triplet code is the code needed to produce protein for the body to function correctly. This code works by allowing every three singe nucleotides to create a protein that will be sent around the body to help growth and stability. Together there are many different codes that could occur therefore many codes triple or even quadruple up on proteins. |
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What can DNA do? |
DNA can store, copy, express and damage information which can lead to mutations within genes that could improve or negatively affect the carrier. |
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What are alleles? |
Alleles are different versions of the same gene. |
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What is the difference between dominant and recessive? |
Dominant and recessive both describe a gene. Dominant genes always mark recessive genes but if two recessive genes are present they can be seen. |
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What is homozygous and heterozygous? |
Homozygous is a description of the gene have two of the same alleles.
Eg) Homozygous dominant AA Heterozygous recessive aa
Heterozygous is a description of a gene with one of both alleles.
Eg) Heterozygous dominant Aa |
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What is a genotype? What is a phenotype? |
Genotype is the genetic description of an organism. Phenotype is the physical description of an organism. |
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What is a Pedigree Chart? |
A Pedigree chart is a chart that is in the shape of a family tree with a circle as a symbol to represent women and a square as a symbol to represent men. |
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What is Evolution? |
Evolution is the development of organisms through variation in a species depending on genetic and/or environmental factors (adaption). |
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What is Natural Selection? |
Natural Selection is sometimes referred to as survival of the fittest as the most adapted of the species will survive against environmental, biotic and abiotic factors. |
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What are some Biotic factors? |
LIVING
- predators : animals and humans - disease - food availability - competition for food |
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What are some Abiotic factors? |
NON-LIVING
- weather : heat, cold, rainy, lightning - oxygen level - pH of soil - Water availability - space / area for organism to live in |
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What is mitosis? |
Mitosis is a process of cell division in which autosomes under take to reproduce. This division produces two daughter cells. |
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What is meiosis? |
Meiosis is a process of cell division in which sex cells under take to reproduce. This division produces four daughter cells |
