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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Georges Cuvier
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developed paleontology
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James Hutton
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gradualism - change is the product of slow continuous processes
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Lamarck
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1. use and disuse
2. inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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Natural Selection
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1. differential success in reproduction
2. occurs through interaction between environment and organisms 3. product is adaptation |
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Artificial selection
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breeding domesticated plants/animals
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Homology
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similarity in charactersitics resulting from common ancestry
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Biogeography
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geographic distribution of species
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endemic
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species found nowhere else
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population
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localized group of individuals of the same species
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species
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a group of populations whose organisms have the ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring
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Hardy-Weinberg Theorem
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describes a non-evolving population
1. large population 2. no migration 3. no net mutations 4. random mating 5. no natural selection |
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Genetic drift
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a change in population's allele frequency due to channce
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Bottleneck Effect
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population size is greatly reduced and population is misrepresented
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Founder Effect
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genetic drift in a new colony
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Gene Flow
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genetic exchange due to migration
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polymorphism
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two or more forms if a discrete character a represented in a population (i.e. red and white wildflowers)
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gene diversity
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the average percent of the loci on a genome that are heterozygous
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geographic variation
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differences in gene pools between populations or subgroups of populations
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heterozygous advantage
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individuals who are heterozygous have greater survivorship and reproductive success
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frequency dependent selection
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survival and reproduction of any one morph declines if that phenotypic form becomes too common in the population
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Darwinian fitness
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contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions to the other individuals
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intersexual selection
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mate choice
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intrasexual
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one sex competes with other members of the same sex for a mate from the opposite sex
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Prezygotic barriers
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impedes fertilization
1. habitat isolation 2. behavioral isolation 3. temoral isolation 4. mechanical isolation 5. gametic isolation |
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Postzygotic barriers
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prevent hybrid zygote from developing into a viable adult
1. reduced hybrid viability 2. Reduced hybrid fertility 3. Hybrid breakdown |
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ecological species concept
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defines a species in terms of its niche
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pluralistic species concept
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the factors that are most important for the cohesion of individuals as a species vary
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morphological species concept
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characterizes species by their unique sets of structural features
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geneaolgical species concept
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organisms with a unique genetic history
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sympatric speciation
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speciation takes place in geographically overlapping populations
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allopatric speciation
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speciation takes place in pops. in different geographic regions
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adaptive radiation
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many diversely adapted species from a common ancestor
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polyploidy
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a mutation that results in extra sets of chromosomes
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autopolyploid
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individual that has more than 2 chromosome sets all derived from a single species
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allopolyploid
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an individual that has more than 2 chromosome sets derived from two different species
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exaptations
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structures that evolve in one context but become co-opted for another function
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homeotic genes
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determine basic features
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