Evolution

Front 1

Georges Cuvier

Back 1

developed paleontology

Front 2

James Hutton

Back 2

gradualism - change is the product of slow continuous processes

Front 3

Lamarck

Back 3

1. use and disuse
2. inheritance of acquired characteristics

Front 4

Natural Selection

Back 4

1. differential success in reproduction
2. occurs through interaction between environment and organisms
3. product is adaptation

Front 5

Artificial selection

Back 5

breeding domesticated plants/animals

Front 6

Homology

Back 6

similarity in charactersitics resulting from common ancestry

Front 7

Biogeography

Back 7

geographic distribution of species

Front 8

endemic

Back 8

species found nowhere else

Front 9

population

Back 9

localized group of individuals of the same species

Front 10

species

Back 10

a group of populations whose organisms have the ability to interbreed and reproduce viable offspring

Front 11

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Back 11

describes a non-evolving population

1. large population
2. no migration
3. no net mutations
4. random mating
5. no natural selection

Front 12

Genetic drift

Back 12

a change in population's allele frequency due to channce

Front 13

Bottleneck Effect

Back 13

population size is greatly reduced and population is misrepresented

Front 14

Founder Effect

Back 14

genetic drift in a new colony

Front 15

Gene Flow

Back 15

genetic exchange due to migration

Front 16

polymorphism

Back 16

two or more forms if a discrete character a represented in a population (i.e. red and white wildflowers)

Front 17

gene diversity

Back 17

the average percent of the loci on a genome that are heterozygous

Front 18

geographic variation

Back 18

differences in gene pools between populations or subgroups of populations

Front 19

heterozygous advantage

Back 19

individuals who are heterozygous have greater survivorship and reproductive success

Front 20

frequency dependent selection

Back 20

survival and reproduction of any one morph declines if that phenotypic form becomes too common in the population

Front 21

Darwinian fitness

Back 21

contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions to the other individuals

Front 22

intersexual selection

Back 22

mate choice

Front 23

intrasexual

Back 23

one sex competes with other members of the same sex for a mate from the opposite sex

Front 24

Prezygotic barriers

Back 24

impedes fertilization
1. habitat isolation
2. behavioral isolation
3. temoral isolation
4. mechanical isolation
5. gametic isolation

Front 25

Postzygotic barriers

Back 25

prevent hybrid zygote from developing into a viable adult
1. reduced hybrid viability
2. Reduced hybrid fertility
3. Hybrid breakdown

Front 26

ecological species concept

Back 26

defines a species in terms of its niche

Front 27

pluralistic species concept

Back 27

the factors that are most important for the cohesion of individuals as a species vary

Front 28

morphological species concept

Back 28

characterizes species by their unique sets of structural features

Front 29

geneaolgical species concept

Back 29

organisms with a unique genetic history

Front 30

sympatric speciation

Back 30

speciation takes place in geographically overlapping populations

Front 31

allopatric speciation

Back 31

speciation takes place in pops. in different geographic regions

Front 32

adaptive radiation

Back 32

many diversely adapted species from a common ancestor

Front 33

polyploidy

Back 33

a mutation that results in extra sets of chromosomes

Front 34

autopolyploid

Back 34

individual that has more than 2 chromosome sets all derived from a single species

Front 35

allopolyploid

Back 35

an individual that has more than 2 chromosome sets derived from two different species

Front 36

exaptations

Back 36

structures that evolve in one context but become co-opted for another function

Front 37

homeotic genes

Back 37

determine basic features