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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Adaptation
any alteration in the structure or function of an organism
Adaptive Radiation
the diversification of an ancestral group of organisms into a variety of related forms specialized to fit different environments or ways of life, each often further diversifying into more specialized types.
Allopatric
occupying different geographical areas
Artificial Selection
when the breeder chooses to perpetuate only those forms having certain desirable inheritable characteristics.
Biodiversity
diversity among and within plant and animal species in an environment.
Bottle Neck
narrow entrance or passageway.
Crossing-Over
When 2 Chromatids are exchanged in order to cause Genetic Variation
Differential Reproduction
the ability to produce more offspring with the same adaptations as the parents, allowing the species to survive under changed environmental conditions.
Emigration
Leaving one habitat to settle in another
Fitness
the ability of a population to maintain or increase its numbers in succeeding generations.
Founder Effect
the accumulation of random genetic changes in an isolated population as a result of its proliferation from only a few parent colonizers.
Gene Flow
the alteration of the frequencies of alleles of particular genes in a population, resulting from interbreeding with organisms from another population having different frequencies.
Genetic Drift
random changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool, usually of small populations.
Genotype
the sum total of genes transmitted from parent to offspring.
Hardy-Weinberg
A fundamental principle in population genetics stating that the genotype frequencies and gene frequencies of a large, randomly mating population remain constant provided immigration, mutation, and selection do not take place.
Immigration
to pass or come into a new habitat or place, as an organism.
Mutations
Something gone wrong during cell replication.
Natural Selection
process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, (predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates), will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations.
Parapatric
where new species are created from populations that maintain overlapping geographic zones of genetic contact.
Phenotype
physical characteristics
Polymorphism
the existence of an organism in several form or color varieties.
Sexual Dimorphism
the condition in which the males and females in a species are morphologically different, as with many birds.
Sexual Selection
a special type of natural selection in which the sexes acquire distinct forms either because the members of one sex choose mates with particular features or because in the competition for mates among the members of one sex only those with certain traits succeed.
Speciation
the formation of new species as a result of geographic, physiological, anatomical, or behavioral factors that prevent previously interbreeding populations from breeding with each other
Sympatric
originating in or occupying the same geographical area.
Variation
different form of something.
Allele Frequency
The percentage of a population of a species that carries a particular allele on a given chromosome locus.