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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetic Drift
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things evolve without influencing factors
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Radiometric Dating
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Using the half-lives of radioactive isotopes to date rocks and fossils
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William Jennings Bryant
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major anti-evolution politician
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Frank McVey
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UK president who fought Bryant's policies
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John Scopes
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UK alum, taught evolution in TN high school and was involved in Evolution court battle
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Evidence for Evolution
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Vestigial Organs
Extinction (and Succession) Transitional Forms Evidence of descent w/ modification Homologous Structures Molecular Homology/ Fossil Genes Age of Earth/ Geological Time |
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Cryptic Species
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species that you cannot distinguish easily (visually)
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Evidence of Evolution #1
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Ancestral whales have vestigial hip structures, implying it originated from a land mammal.
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Vestigial Organs
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Organs that serve diminished or no function, but served ancestors:
wings of kiwis human tail hip & leg bones in whales |
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Krupa's Triangle of Life
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Organisms must split their time between:
Avoiding death/predators Reproducing Finding Food |
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Competition
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Some individuals are more successful at survival and reproduction
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Adaptation
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Characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce
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Darwinian Fitness
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The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in nature
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Mutation Types
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Point
Chromosome Inversion Gene Duplication Genome Duplication |
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Mutation: Point Mutation
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Insertions and Deletions small strings of bases (indels) are added or deleted in genomes
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Mutation: Chromosome Inversion
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Chromosome 'flips' and causes changes
ex: Ring-neck dove colors increase after inversion in color gene |
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Mutation: Gene Duplication
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Crossing over event leads to duplication in segments of genes
ex: Opsin genes build up in humans, leading to trichromatic vision, most animals have monochromatic vision |
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Mutation: Genome Duplication
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Addition of a complete set of chromosomes
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Differences in HIV-1 and HIV-2
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HIV-1 originated from chimps and is much more virulent in humans. HIV-2 originated from Sooty Mangabays and is not as virulent, crosses from Humans to monkeys often
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HIV and AIDS
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HIV causes AIDS by destroying the T-cells that target and destroy invading pathogens. When enough of the T cells have been destroyed, immune system is compromised and leads to opportunistic infections, causing eventual death
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AZT and AIDS: Natural Selection
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AZT was an effective anti-viral drug that HIV built up a resistance to rather quickly. Surviving populations of HIV that had natural resistance to AZT replaced the population that was vulnerable to AZT.
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Vaccine for HIV
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HIV is difficult to prevent because of the amount of mutations and changes it is capable of taking on in a small number of generations. Furthermore, many anti-virals created to hinder HIV also hurt normal body processes, because the two have similar enzyme/protein requirements, making effective treatment even more difficult.
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